Varicose veins

Abstract

Varicose veins are tortuous, widened veins in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly found in the lower limbs. These veins have incompetent valves, causing reflux of blood leading to dilatation of veins and venous hypertension. Varicose veins are more common in women than men, and they affect nearly a third of the adult population. They are usually harmless, but are often a common cause of cosmetic concern in patients. They can cause symptoms such as aching legs, discomfort or itching over the veins, and swollen feet and ankles. There are a variety of treatments available for varicose veins and important clinical indications for referral to secondary care exist.