Abstract
In many ways, the lives of men and women have become more similar over recent years, as more and more women have entered the labour market. Despite this, differences remain. These, in turn, affect both patients’ experiences of health and disease, and the health services required. This article explores the concept of women’s health and what that means for those working in primary care.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.Audit Scotland. (2012). Health inequalities in Scotland. Retrieved from www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/health/2012/nr_121213_health_inequalities.pdf .
2.Department of Health. (2011). Physical activity guidelines for adults (19--64): Factsheet 4. Retrieved from www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_127931 .
3.HEFCE. (2014). Differences in degree outcomes: Key findings. Retrieved from www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/year/2014/201403/#d.en.86821 .
4.HM Government. (2013). Equality Act 2010: Guidance. Retrieved from www.gov.uk/equality-act-2010-guidance .
5.Home Office. (2014). Drug misuse: Findings from the 2013/14 Crime Survey for England and Wales. Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/publications/drug-misuse-findings-from-the-2013-to-2014-csew/drug-misuse-findings-from-the-201314-crime-survey-for-england-and-wales .
6.HSCIC. (2014). Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England 2014. Retrieved from www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13648/Obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2014-rep.pdf .
7.Living Without Abuse. (2014). Statistics. Retrieved from www.lwa.org.uk/understanding-abuse/statistics.htm .
8.ONS. (2012). Sub-national health expectancies, 2002--2005 and 2006--2009. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-258239 .
9.ONS. (2013a). Families and households 2013. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_332633.pdf .
10.ONS. (2013b). Chapter 2 - drinking (General Lifestyle Survey overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey). Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_302636.pdf .
11.ONS. (2013c). Chapter 1 - smoking (General Lifestyle Survey overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey). Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_302558.pdf .
12.ONS. (2014a). Annual mid-year population estimates, 2013. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_367167.pdf .
13.ONS. (2014b). Provisional GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2013 to 2014. Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/statistics/provisional-gcse-and-equivalent-results-in-england-2013-to-2014 .
14.ONS. (2014c). UK labour market. December 2014. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_385648.pdf .
15.ONS. (2014d). Families in the labour market 2014. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_388440.pdf .
16.ONS. (2014e). Annual survey of hours and earnings, 2014 provisional results. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_385428.pdf .
17.ONS. (2014f). Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 by local areas in England and Wales, 2011–13. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_385458.pdf .
18.ONS. (2014g). Deaths registered in England and Wales (series DR), 2013. Retrieved from www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_381807.pdf .
19.RCGP. Curriculum example 3.06: Women’s health. Retrieved from www.rcgp.org.uk/GP-training-and-exams/∼/media/Files/GP-training-and-exams/Curriculum-2012/RCGP-Curriculum-3-06-Womens-Health.ashx .
20.
Roter
D. L.
Hall
J. A.
Aoki
Y.
(2002 ) Physician gender effects in medical communication: A meta-analytic review . Journal of the American Medical Association 288 : 756 –764 .
21.Rowlingson, K. (2011). Does income inequality cause health and social problems ? York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved from www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/inequality-income-social-problems-summary.pdf .
22.Wang, Y., Hunt, K., Nazareth, I., Freemantle, N., & Petersen, I. (2013). Do men consult less than women? An analysis of routinely collected UK general practice data. British Medical Journal Open, 3 : e003320. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003320 .
23.Weisman, C. S. (1997). Changing definitions of women’s health: Implications for health care and policy. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 1 (1), 179–189. Retrieved from www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/womens-and-childrens-health-policy-center/publications/Changing_Definitions.pdf .
24.WHO. (1948). Definition of health. Retrieved from www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html .
25.WWPWFM. (2006). Ten steps to gender equity in health. Retrieved from www.globalfamilydoctor.com/site/DefaultSite/filesystem/documents/Groups/wwpwfm/10%20steps%20to%20gender%20equity%20in%20health%202006.pdf .