Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis

Abstract

Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory condition characterised by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle. Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis involving large and medium vessels. Both disorders affect patients over the age of 50. Both disorders are characterised by an inflammatory response and respond to corticosteroid therapy. They are self-limiting disorders that settle after two to three years from disease onset. Giant cell arteritis is a major cause of irreversible visual loss. Ophthalmic complications can occur in up to 30% of patients. Significant morbidity can result from corticosteroid side-effects which remains the cornerstone of therapy. This article aims to highlight the current evidence-based management of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis from clinical suspicion to treatment.