A Novel Lightweight RFID Reader for UAV-Based Inventory: Design and Performance Evaluation

Abstract

This paper presents the design, integration, and experimental validation of a novel lightweight RFID reader specifically developed for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The system was engineered to meet the strict constraints of aerial platforms, including weight, power consumption, and communication reliability. The resulting 1 kg reader, integrated with a DJI Matrice 600 drone, maintained full flight endurance and demonstrated robust performance at altitudes up to 10 meters. A series of 50 experimental flyovers in a warehouse-style corridor confirmed that tag orientation significantly affects read success: top-mounted tags achieved nearly 30 reads per pass, while side-mounted and partially covered tags showed reductions of approximately 50% and 65%, respectively. These findings highlight the critical role of tag visibility and provide practical guidance for flight-path planning and tag placement in logistics environments. Unlike previous studies that focused on isolated technical aspects or specific applications, this work offers a comprehensive evaluation of UAV-based RFID systems, combining hardware innovation, rigorous performance testing, and broad applicability. The results confirm the feasibility of aerial RFID inventory and lay the groundwork for scalable, autonomous asset tracking in complex industrial settings.