This review includes updated understanding of the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments in scapholunate instability and details the author’s experience of indications, arthroscopic repair methods, and outcomes of treating the instability. A classification on triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries is reviewed, followed by author’s indications, methods, and outcomes of arthroscopic repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries.
AbeYMoriyaATominagaYYoshidaK. Dorsal tear of triangular fibrocartilage complex: clinical features and treatment. J Wrist Surg. 2016, 5: 42–6.
2.
AbeYTominagaYYoshidaK. Various patterns of traumatic triangular fibrocartilage complex tear. Hand Surg. 2012, 17: 191–8.
3.
AtzeiALuchettiRBraidottiF. Arthroscopic foveal repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. J Wrist Surg. 2015, 4: 22–30.
4.
AtzeiARizzoALuchettiRFairplayT. Arthroscopic foveal repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex peripheral lesion with distal radioulnar joint instability. Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surg. 2008, 12, 4: 226–35.
5.
BainGIEngKLeeYCMcGuireDZumsteinM. Reconstruction of chronic foveal TFCC tears with an autologous tendon graft. J Wrist Surg. 2015, 4: 9–14.
6.
BergerRAImeadaTBerglundL. Constraint and material properties of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. J Hand Surg Am. 1999, 24: 953–62.
GeisslerWBFreelandAESavoieFHMcIntyreLWWhippleTL. Intracarpal soft-tissue lesions associated with an intra-articular fracture of the distal end of the radius. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996, 78: 357–65.
11.
HaugstvedtJRBergerRANakamuraTNealePBerglundLAnKN. Relative contributions of the ulnar attachments of the triangular fibrocartilage complex to the dynamic stability of the distal radioulnar joint. J Hand Surg Am. 2006, 31: 445–51.
12.
MataliotakisGDoukasMKostasILykissasMBatistatouABerisA. Sensory innervation of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament in relation to their structural composition. J Hand Surg Am. 2009, 34: 1413–4.
13.
MathoulinCLandoMRueda-VillegasCPaglieiA. Lésion du ligament scapho-lunaire: intérêt de l’arthroscopie, propositions thérapeutiques à propos d’une série de 62 patients. Mémoires de l’Académie Nationale de chirurgie. 2004, 3: 62–72.
14.
MathoulinC. Intérêt de l’arthroscopie du poignet dans les lésions du ligament triangulaire. J Traumatologie du Sport. 2013, 30: 201–10.
15.
MathoulinCL. Treatment of dynamic scapholunate instability dissociation: contribution of arthroscopy. Hand Surgery Rehab. 2016, 35: 377–92.
16.
MayfieldJK. Patterns of injury to carpal ligaments. A spectrum. Clin Orthop Related Res. 1984187: 36–42.
17.
MeadeTDSchneiderLHCherryK. Radiographic analysis of selective ligament sectioning at the carpal scaphoid: a cadaver study. J Hand Surg Am. 1990, 15: 855–62.
18.
MessinaJCVan OverstraetenLLuchettiRFairplayTMathoulinCL. The EWAS classification of scapholunate tears: an anatomical arthroscopic study. J Wrist Surg. 2013, 2: 105–9.
19.
NakamuraTMakitaA. The proximal ligamentous component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. J Hand Surg Eur. 2000, 25: 479–86.
20.
ShortWHWernerFWSuttonLG. Dynamic biomechanical evaluation of the dorsal intercarpal ligament repair for scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2009, 34: 652–9.
21.
SokolovCSaffarP. Anatomy and histology of the scapholunate ligament. Hand Clin. 2001, 17: 77–81.
22.
TaySCTomitaKBergerRA. The ‘ulnar fovea sign’ for defining ulnar wrist pain: an analysis of sensitivity and specificity. J Hand Surg Am. 2007, 32: 438–44.
23.
Van OverstraetenLCamusEWahegaonkarA. Anatomical description of the dorsal capsulo scapholunate septum (DCSS) – anatomical staging of scapholunate instability after DCSS sectioning. J Wrist Surg. 2013, 2: 149–54.
24.
WahegaonkarALMathoulinCL. Arthroscopic dorsal capsuloligamentous repair in the treatment of chronic scapholunate ligament tears. J Wrist Surg. 2013, 2: 141–8.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
