Commentary:

Weinberg GL Laurito CE Geldner P . Malignant ventricular dysrhythmias in a patient with isovaleric acidemia receiving general and local anesthesia for suction lipectomy. J Clin Anesth 1997;9: 668–70.

Weinberg GL Palmer JW VadeBoncouer TR . Bupivacaine inhibits acylcarnitine exchange in cardiac mitochondria. Anesthesiology 2000;92: 523–28.

Weinberg GL VadeBoncouer T Ramaraju GA . Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Anesthesiology 1998;88: 1071–75.

Weinberg G Ripper R Feinstein DL Hoffman W . Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28: 198–202.

Rosenblatt MA Abel M Fischer GW . Successful use of a 20% lipid emulsion to resuscitate a patient after a presumed bupivacaine-related cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 2006;105: 217–18.

Foxall G McCahon R Lamb J . Levobupivacaine-induced seizures and cardiovascular collapse treated with Intralipid. Anaesthesia 2007;62: 516–18.

Admani B Essajee F . Successful resuscitation of a three-month-old child with Intralipid infusion, presumed to have bupivacaine-induced seizures and cardiovascular complications: case report. East Afr Med J 2010;87: 354–56.

Shah S Gopalakrishnan S Apuya J . Use of Intralipid in an infant with impending cardiovascular collapse due to local anesthetic toxicity. J Anesth 2009;23: 439–41.

Litz RJ Popp M Stehr SN Koch T . Successful resuscitation of a patient with ropivacaine-induced asystole after axillary plexus block using lipid infusion. Anaesthesia 2006;61: 800–01.

Picard J Ward SC Zumpe R . Guidelines and the adoption of “lipid rescue” therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. Anaesthesia 2009;64: 122–25.

Neal JM Mulroy MF Weinberg GL , American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine checklist for managing local anesthetic systemic toxicity: 2012 version. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012;37: 16–18.

Vanden Hoek TL Morrison LJ Shuster M . Part 12: Cardiac Arrest in Special Situations: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010 17;122(18_suppl_3):S829–S861.

Weinberg G Lin B Zheng S . Partitioning effect in lipid resuscitation: further evidence for the lipid sink. Crit Care Med 2010;38: 2268–69.

Litonius E Tarkkila P Neuvonen PJ Rosenberg PH . Effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on bupivacaine plasma concentration in humans. Anaesthesia 2012;67: 600–05.

Partownavid P Umar S Li J . Fatty-acid oxidation and calcium homeostasis are involved in the rescue of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity by lipid emulsion in rats. Crit Care Med 2012;40: 2431–37.

Finn SDH Uncles DR Willers J Sable N . Early treatment of a quetiapine and sertraline overdose with Intralipid. Anaesthesia 2009;64: 191–94.

Young AC Velez LI Kleinschmidt KC . Intravenous fat emulsion therapy for intentional sustained-release verapamil overdose. Resuscitation 2009;80: 591–93.