Centralisation of Specialist Critical Care Services

Department of Health. A Framework for Action. DH, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. London; 2007.

Department of Health. Our NHS, our Future. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. London; 2007.

Department of Health. Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. London; 2010.

Soljak M . volumes of procedures and outcomes of treatment. BMJ 2002;325: 787–88.

Killeen SD O'Sullivan MJ Coffey JC . Provider volume and outcomes for oncological procedures. Br J Surg 2005;92: 389–402.

Chowdhury MM Dagash H Peirro A . A systematic review of the impact of volume of surgery and specialization on patient outcome. Br J Surg 2007;94: 145–61.

Forshaw MJ Gossage JA Stephens J . Centralisation of oesophagogastric cancer services: can specialist units deliver? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2006;88: 566–70.

Hannan EL O'Donnell JF Kilburn H . Investigation of the relationship between volume and mortality for surgical procedures performed in New York state hospitals. JAMA 1989;262: 503–10.

Morgan MA Goodson M Escofet X . Workload and resource implications of upper gastrointestinal cancer surgical centralisation in South East Wales. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2008;90: 467–71.

Showstack JA Rosenfeld K Garnick DW . Association of volume with outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Scheduled vs nonscheduled operations. JAMA 1987;257: 785–89.

Aldea GS Mokadam NA Melford R . Changing volumes, risk profiles, and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary interventions. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87: 1828–38.

Karthikesalingam A Hinchliffe RJ Poloniecki JD . Centralization harnessing volume-outcome relationships in vascular surgery and aortic aneurysm care should not focus solely on threshold operative caseload. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010;44: 556–59.

Ballard DJ Ogola G Fleming NS . Impact of a standardised heart failure order set on mortality, readmission and quality and costs of care. Int J Qual Health Care 2010;22: 437–44.

Pearson VG Shann F Barry P . Should paediatric intensive care be centralised? Trent versus Victoria. Lancet 1997;349: 1213–17.

Pearson G Barry P Timmins C . Changes in the profile of paediatric intensive care associated with centralisation. Intensive Care Med 2001;27: 1670–73.

Kahn JM Goss CH Heagerty PJ . Hospital volumes and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation. NEJM 2006;355: 41–50.

Wunsch H Angus D Harrison DA . Variation in critical care services across North America and Western Europe. Crit Care Med 2008;36: 2787–e8.

Peek G Mugford M Tiruvoipati T . for the CESAR trial collaboration. Efficacy and economic assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374: 1351–63.

Suarez JI . Outcome in neurocritical care: advances in monitoring and treatment and effect of a specialized neurocritical care team. Crit Care Med 2006;34: S232–S238.

Mirski MA Chang CW Cowan R . Impact of a neuroscience intensive care unit on neurosurgical patient outcomes and cost of care: evidence-based support for an intensivist-directed specialty ICU model of care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2001;13: 83–92.

Neurocritical Care Stakeholder Group. Neurocritical care capacity and demand: A report from the neurocritical care stakeholder group. Neuroanaesthesia Society of Great Britain and Ireland. London;2006.

NCEPOD. An Acute Problem: National Confidential Enquiry into patient Outcome and Death. NCEPOD, London; 2006.

Price SJ Suttner N Aspoas AR . Have ATLS and National Transfer Guidelines improved the quality of resuscitation and transfer of head-injured patients? A prospective survey from a Regional Neurosurgical Unit. Injury 2003;34: 834–38.

Andrews PD Piper IR Dearden NM . Secondary insults during intrahospital transport of head-injured patients. Lancet 1990;335: 327–30.

Nicholl J West J Goodacre S . The relationship between distance to hospital and patient mortality in emergencies: an observational study. Emerg Med J 2007;24: 665–68.

Belway D Dodek PM Keenan SP . The role of transport intervals in outcomes for critically ill patients who are transferred to referral centers. J Crit Care 2006;21: 8–17.

Ramnarayan P Thiru K Parslow RC . Effect of specialist retrieval teams on outcomes in children admitted to paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2010;376: 698–704.

Bellingan G Olivier T Batson S Webb A . Comparison of a specialist retrieval team with current United Kingdom practice for the transport of critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2000;26: 740–44.

Clarke EB Curtis JR Luce JM . Quality indicators for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2003;31: 2255–62.

NHS London. Hyper Acute Stroke Units Data (2010) at: http://www.london.nhs.uk/your-nhs-in-london/publishing-nhs-data/stroke-data Accessed March 2011.

De Maria E Ricci S Capelli S . Feasibility of transradial approach in a hub and spoke cath lab network. Minerva Cardioangiol 2010;58: 11–15.

Morgan KP Leahy MG Butts JN Beatt KJ . The cost-effectiveness of primary angioplasty compared to thrombolysis in the real world: one year results from West London. Eurointervention 2010;6: 596–603.

Nobilio L Fortuna D Vizioli M . Impact of regionalisation of cardiac surgery in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58: 97–102.

Nobilio L Ugolini C . Selective referrals in a ‘hub and spoke’ institutional setting: the case of coronary angioplasty procedures. Health Policy 2003;63: 95–107.