Towards a Comprehensive Ventilatory Strategy for Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Rabe KF Beghe B Luppi S Fabbri L M . Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2006. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175: 1222–32.

Price C Lowe D Hoskerher UK national COPD audit 2003: impact of hospital resources and organisation of care and outcome following admission for acute COPD exacerbation. Thorax 2006;61: 831–47.

Robert CM Barnes S Lowe D Evidence of a link between mortality in acute COPD and hospital type and resources. Thorax 2003;58: 947–49.

Plant PK Owen JL Elliott MW . 1 year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbation of COPD: implications for the provision of non invasive ventilation and oxygen administration. Thorax 2000;55: 550–54.

Celli BR Cote CG Marin JM The body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350: 1005–12.

Connors AF Dawson NV Thomas C Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive lung disease. The SUPPORT investigators (Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154: 959–67.

Freeborne N Lynn J Desbiens NA . Insights about dying from the SUPPORT project. J Am Geriat Soc 2000;48: S199–205.

Wildman M O'Dea J Kostopoulou JO Variations in intubation decisions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in one critical care network. Q J Med 2003;96: 583–91.

Wildman MJ Sanderson C Groves J Implications of prognostic pessimism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma admitted to intensive care in the UK within the COPD and asthma outcome study (CAOS): multi-centre observational COHORT study. BMJ 2007:335: 1132–34.

Plant PK Owen JL Elliott MW . A multi-centre randomised controlled trial of the early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of COPD. Lancet 2000;355: 1931–35.

Doherty MJ Greenstone MA . Survey of non invasive ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD in the UK. Thorax 1998;53: 863–66.

Kaul S Couts I Lowe D Survey of NIV in clinical management of acute COPD in 233 UK hospitals. Thorax 2007;62: S111 A120.

Demooule A Girou E Richard JC Benefits and risks of success or failure in non invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006;32: 1756–65.

Davidson AC . Critical care management of respiratory failure resulting from obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Griffiths MJD Evans TW , eds. Respiratory Management in Critical Care. BMJ Publishing 2004: 80–85.

Wildman MJ Harrison DA Brady AR Case mix and outcomes for admissions to adult general critical care units with COPD: a second analysis of the ICNARC case mix programme database. Crit Care 2005;9: S38–48.

Nava S Ambrosino N Clini E Non invasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Int Med 1998;128: 721–28.

Girault C Daudenthon I Chevron V Non invasive ventilation as a systematic extubation and weaning technique in acute or chronic respiratory failure. Am. J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160: 186–92.

Pilcher DV Bailey MJ Treacher DF Outcomes, cost and long term survival of patients referred to a regional weaning centre. Thorax 2005;60: 187–92.

Quinnell T G Pilsworth S Shneerson J M Smith I E . Prolonged invasive ventilation following acute ventilatory failure in COPD. Chest 2006;129: 133–39.

Weaning and long-term ventilatory support. NHS Modernization Agency. London: Department of Health. 2002.

British Medical Association. Withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging treatments: guidance for decision making. BMA publishing. 2001.

Curtis JR Engleberg RA Nielsen E Patient-physician communication about end of life in patients with severe COPD. Eur Resp J 2004;24: 200–05.