Genetic Polymorphisms in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Fisher CJ Agosti JM Opal SM Lowry SF Balk RA Sadoff JC . Treatment of Septic Shock with the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor: Fc Fusion Protein. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1697–702.

Bernard GR Vincent JL Laterre PF LaRosa SP Dhainaut JF Lopez-Rodriguez A . Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 699–709.

Sorensen TI Nielsen GG Andersen PK Teasdale TW . Genetic and environmental influences on premature death in adult adoptees. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 727–32.

Stuber F Petersen M Bokelmann F Schade U . A genomic polymorphism within the tumor necrosis factor locus influences plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and outcome of patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 381–4.

Mira JP Cariou A Grall F Delclaux C Losser MR Heshmati F . Association of TNF2, a TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality: a multicenter study. JAMA 1999; 282: 561–8.

Stuber F Udalova IA Book M Drutskaya LN Kuprash DV Turetskaya RL . -308 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphism is not associated with survival in severe sepsis and is unrelated to lipopolysaccharide inducibility of the human TNF promoter. Journal of Inflammation 1996; 46: 42–50.

McDermott MF Aksentijevich I Galon J McDermott EM Ogunkolade BW Centola M . Germline Mutations in the Extracellular Domains of the 55 kDa Receptor, TNFR1, Define a Family of Dominantly Inherited Autoinflammatory Syndrome. Cell 1999; 97: 133–44.

Turner MW . Mannose-binding lectin: the pluripotent molecule of the innate immune system. Immunology Today 1996; 17: 532–40.

Hibberd ML Sumiya M Summerfield JA Booy R Levin M . Association of variants of the gene for mannose-binding lectin with susceptibility to meningococcal disease. Meningococcal Research Group. Lancet 1999; 353: 1049–53.

Summerfield JA Sumiya M Levin M Turner MW . Association of mutations in mannose binding protein gene with childhood infection in consecutive hospital series. BMJ 1997; 314: 1229–32.

Garred P Madsen HO Balslev U Hofmann B Pedersen C Gerstoft J . Susceptibility to HIV infection and progression of AIDS in relation to variant alleles of mannose-binding lectin. Lancet 1997; 349: 236–40.

Garred P Pressler T Madsen HO Frederiksen B Svejgaard A Hoiby N . Association of mannose-binding lectin gene heterogeneity with severity of lung disease and survival in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 431–7.

American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 864–74.

Gordon AC Lagan AL Aganna E Cheung L Peters CJ McDermott MF . TNF and TNFR polymorphisms in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective multicentre study. Genes Immun 2004; 5: 631–40.

Gordon AC Johnson M Aganna E McDermott MF Millo JL Holloway P . Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphisms Affect Susceptibility to Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2004; 169: A119.

Colhoun HM McKeigue PM Davey SG . Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 2003; 361: 865–72.

Bayley J-P Ottenhoff THM Verweij CL . Is there a future for TNF promoter polymorphisms?. Genes Immun 2004; 5: 315–29.

Garred P Strom J Quist L Taaning E Madsen HO . Association of mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms with sepsis and fatal outcome, in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Infect Dis 2003; 188: 1394–403.

Fidler KJ Wilson P Davies JC Turner MW Peters MW Klein NJ . Increased incidence and severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients deficient in mannose-binding lectin. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 1438–45.

Garred P Pressler T Lanng S Madsen HO Moser C Laursen I . Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) therapy in an MBL-deficient patient with severe cystic fibrosis lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 33: 201–7.