The COVID-19 pandemic is an historic event that has affected the entire world, but since it has been experienced differently in each country, locality and family, it will also be remembered in different ways. This article provides an analysis of the ways in which museums and archives have sought to document the pandemic in Spain to create memory discourses for the future. This includes an account of the subjects that have been documented, the exhibitions held, the online and in situ initiatives undertaken, and the nature of physical and virtual items collected. The museums and archival institutions have collected many documents, images and physical objects that will play an important role in the creation of memories about COVID-19 in the future.
AgostinoDArnaboldiMLemaM (2021) New development: COVID-19 as an accelerator of digital transformation in public service delivery. Public Money & Management41(1): 69–72.
2.
AlivizatouM (2019) Digital intangible heritage: inventories, virtual learning and participation. Heritage & Society12(2–3): 116–135.
3.
BaruaH (2020) The Covid-19 pandemic, globalisation and reflections on the South Asian economy. Chakra: A Nordic Journal of South Asian Studies1: 133–144.
4.
BattestiJ (ed.) (2012) Que rest-t-il du présent? Collecter le contemporain dans les musées de société. Bayonne: Le Festin.
5.
BurkeVJørgensenDJørgensenF (2020) Museums at home: digital initiatives in response to COVID-19. Norsk museumstidsskrift6(02): 117–123.
6.
CanalsARoigéX (2021) ‘Todo irá bien’ documentar y exponer la vida cotidiana bajo el COVID-19 en los museos. Her & Mus Heritage and Museography22: 18–42.
7.
CharleboisCLeclercJF (2015) Les sources orales au coeur de l’exposition muséale. L’expérience du Centre d’histoire de Montréal. Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique Française69(1–2): 99–136.
8.
ConnertonP (1989) How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9.
Ebbrecht-HartmannT (2020) Commemorating from a distance: the digital transformation of Holocaust memory in times of COVID-19. Media, Culture & Society3(6): 1095–1112.
10.
ErllA (2020) Afterword: memory worlds in times of Corona. Memory Studies13(5): 861–874.
11.
FrisbeeC (2012) Collecting on sharp edge, from motion to testimony. The World Trade Center collections at the New York State Museum. In: BattestiJ (ed.) Que rest-t-il du présent ? Collecter le contemporain dans les musées de société. Bayonne: Le Festin, pp. 248–255.
12.
FuksHMouraHCardadorD, et al. (2012) Collaborative museums: an approach to co-design. Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Seattle, WA, 11–15 February, pp. 681–684. New York: ACM.
13.
GarcíaSRiveroPMolina-PucheS, et al. (2021) Educommunication and Archaeological Heritage in Italy and Spain: An Analysis of Institutions’ Use of Twitter, Sustainability, and Citizen Participation. Sustainability13: 1602.
14.
GrayPOGrayPOliverK (eds) (2004) The Memory of Catastrophe. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
15.
HigginsRMartinEVesperiMD (2020) An anthropology of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anthropology Now12(1): 2–6.
16.
HoffmanS (2020) Online exhibitions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Museum Worlds: Advances in Research8: 210–215.
17.
HoskinsA (ed) (2017) Digital Memory Studies. London: Routledge.
18.
HuyssenA (1995) Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia. New York and London: Routledge.
19.
KingESmithMPWilsonPF, et al. (2021) Digital responses of UK museum exhibitions to the COVID-19 crisis, March–
June 2020. Curator: The Museum Journal64(3): 487–504.
20.
KistC (2020) Museums, challenging heritage, and social media during COVID-19. Museum and Society18(3): 345–348.
21.
KohnHL (2021) Transactive memory systems in virtual teams: opportunities post COVID-19. Industrial and Organizational Psychology14(1–2): 274–276.
22.
LidchiH (1997) The poetics and politics of exhibiting other cultures. In: HallS (ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE, pp. 151–222.
23.
LiebermannY (2020) Born digital: the Black Lives Matter movement and memory after the digital turn. Memory Studies14(4): 713–732.
24.
LimaDLde Medeiros LopesMBritoAM (2020) Social media: friend or foe in the COVID-19 pandemic?Clinics75: e1953.
25.
LiraE (2010) Trauma, duelo, reparación y memoria. Revista de Estudios Sociales36: 14–28.
26.
LowenthalD (2015) The past is a Foreign Country – Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27.
MasJMArillaRGómezA (2021) Facebook as a promotional tool for Spanish Museums 2016–2020 and COVID Influence. Journal of Promotion Management27(6): 812–831.
28.
MorettiVMaturoA (2021) Unhome’sweet home: the construction of new normalities in Italy during COVID-19. In: LuptonDWillisK (eds) The COVID-19 Crisis. London: Routledge, pp. 90–102.
29.
MylesDDuguaySDietzelC (2021) # DatingWhileDistancing: Dating apps as digital health technologies during the COVID-19. In: LuptonDWillisK (eds) The COVID-19 Crisis. London: Routledge, pp. 78–89.
30.
NairP (2011) After-images: trauma, history and connection in the photography of Alfredo Jaar. Quaderns-e de l’ICA16(1–2): 51–59.
31.
NavajasO (2020) La visualización del terrorismo en los museos. International Journal of Safety & security in Tourism/Hospitality21: 1–21.
32.
NoraP (1997) Les lieux de la mémoire. Paris: Gallimard.
33.
OlickJKRobbinsJ (1998) Social memory studies: from ‘Collective Memory’ to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of Sociology24(1): 105–140.
34.
PescarinS (2014) Museums and virtual museums in Europe: Reaching expectations. SCIRES.it4(1): 131–140.
35.
PijbesW (2015) The battle for beauty in a virtual world: how museums can profit from the digital revolution. Uncommon Culture6(2): 138–145.
36.
PinchevskiA (2019) Transferred Wounds: Media and the Mediation of Trauma. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
RobinsonH (2012) Remembering things differently: museums, libraries and archives as memory institutions and the implications for convergence. Museum Management and Curatorship27(4): 413–429.
39.
RoigéXCanalsA (eds) (2021) Patrimonio inmaterial, celebraciones confinadas y retos post-COVID 19. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona.
40.
RoigéXArrieta-UrtizbereaISeguíJ (2021a) The sustainability of intangible heritage in the COVID-19 era – resilience, reinvention, and challenges in Spain. Sustainability13(11): 5796.
41.
RoigéXBellasLSoulierV (2021b) El Museo Virtual de las Fiestas del Fuego del Pirineo. Un museo en línea a partir del patrimonio inmaterial. In: Congreso CIMED. I Congreso Internacional De Museos Y Estrategias Digitales, Valencia, 25–26 March.
42.
Salahu-DinDT (2019) Documenting the Black Lives Matter movement in Baltimore through contemporary collecting: an initiative of the National Museum of African American history and culture. Collections15(2–3): 101–112.
43.
SamaroudiMRodríguezKRPerryL (2020) Heritage in lockdown: digital provision of memory institutions in the UK and US of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Museum Management and Curatorship35(4): 337–361.
44.
Sánchez-CarreteroC (eds) (2011) Los archivos del duelo. Madrid: CSIC.
45.
SchweibenzW (2019) The virtual museum: an overview of its origins, concepts, and terminology. The Museum Review4: 1–28.
46.
Seligmann-SilvaM (2009) Photography as the art of trauma and image-action: light game in the photographs of missing people in Latin America dictatorships. Temas Psicol17(2): 311–328.
47.
SélimM (2020) Anthropologie d’une pandémie. Paris: L’Harmattan.
48.
SevillanoF (2003) La construcción de la memoria y el olvido en la España democrática. Ayer52: 297–320.
49.
Shelley-EganC (2020) Testing the obligations of presence in academia in the COVID-19 era. Sustainability12(16): 6350.
50.
SimkoC (2021) Mourning and memory in the age of COVID-19. Sociologica15(1): 109–124.
51.
SmithL (2006) Uses of Heritage. London: Routledge.
52.
StrattonJ (2021) Coronavirus, the great toilet paper panic and civilisation. Thesis Eleven165(1): 145–168.
53.
StylianiSFotisLKostasK, et al. (2009) Virtual museums, a survey and some issues for consideration. Journal of Cultural Heritage10: 520–528.
54.
TansmanA (2003) Catastrophe, memory, and narrative: teaching Japanese and Jewish responses to twentieth-century atrocity. Discourse25(1): 248–271.
