Critical analysis of media discourse and the politics of self-censorship in Afghanistan

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of discursive strategies in the politics of self-censorship in Afghanistan, where political pressure, and independent media work together, and language plays a crucial role in implementing these strategies. Critical Discourse Analysis is used to explore the connection between language use and the exercise of power, focusing specifically on the portrayal of the post-2021 government’s legitimacy. The study analyzes 143 textual news stories and televised interviews collected from two domestic media (Tolo News, Ariana News) and one foreign-state media (Radio Azadi). The findings indicate that domestic media employ juxtaposition and factual discursive strategies to balance the politics of self-censorship when reporting on the legitimacy of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, without directly challenging the power structure. In contrast, foreign-state media approach the legitimacy of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan through the lens of critical reporting, using strategic labeling to address critical perspectives and maintain an anti-IEA political stance.