Mini C-Arm: Are the risks truly ‘mini’ to theatre practitioners?

Abstract

The Mini C-Arm device is increasingly being used in orthopaedic and extremity surgeries, due to the understanding that it minimises radiation exposure and scatter radiation when compared to a conventional C-Arm. However, concerns persist when considering occupational exposure to individuals who routinely partake in procedures with this tool. Anaesthesia providers, surgeons, and scrub practitioners, in particular, are often positioned near the Mini C-Arm during these procedures and may be subject to multiple repetitive doses of radiation from a higher volume of cases. Unlike circulating staff that may leave the room or position themselves further from the radiation source, some practitioners often remain near the patient and within the scatter field. This review synthesises the current literature to evaluate the extent of cumulative exposures related to the Mini C-Arm, taking special consideration of anaesthesia providers due to their cumulative exposure, but also applicable to other operating room personnel who are often in close proximity to the tool. Although the Mini C-Arm could offer reductions in direct radiation and scatter, it should not be considered a negligible risk. Appropriate shielding, adherence to safety protocols, ongoing education, and proper use have been shown to reduce occupational exposure to radiation and are essential to protect health care workers from radiation hazards.