To measure the efficacy of the Glucose-Insulin Infusion–Parkland Protocol (GIPPr) compared to subcutaneous (SC) insulin, blood glucose readings were reviewed in diabetic adults admitted for surgical intervention of a soft tissue or bone infection in Dallas, Texas. Hypoglycaemia occurred in 0.69% of readings in GIPPr-treated patients compared to 4.52% in SC-treated patients. The GIPPr maintained a higher proportion of blood glucose readings between 3.89-10mmol/L compared to SC insulin (85.40% versus 50.68%).
AkhtarS, BarashPG, InzucchiSE2010Scientific principles and clinical implications of perioperative glucose regulation and controlAnasthesia & Analgesia110(2) 478–97
2.
DavidsonPC, SteedRD, BodeBW2005Glucommander: a computer-directed intravenous insulin system shown to be safe, simple, and effective in 120,618h of operationDiabetes Care28(10) 2418–23
3.
FurnaryAP, GaoG, GrunkemeierGL2003Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graftingJournal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery125(5) 1007–21
4.
FurnaryAP, WuY, BookinSO2004Effect of hyperglycaemia and continuous intravenous insulin infusions on outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures: the Portland Diabetic ProjectEndocrine Practice10 Suppl 221–33
5.
GoldbergPA, SiegelMD, RussellRR2004Experience with the continuous glucose monitoring system in a medical intensive care unitDiabetes Technology & Therapeutics6(3) 339–47
6.
InzucchiSE, RosenstockJ2005Counterpoint. Inpatient glucose management: a premature call to arms?Diabetes Care28(4) 976–9
7.
JunejaR, RoudebushC, KumarN2007Utilization of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion program to control blood glucose in the intensive care unitDiabetes Technology & Therapeutics (3) 232–40
8.
LazarHL, McDonnellM, ChipkinSR2009The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series: Blood glucose management during adult cardiac surgeryAnnals of Thoracic Surgery87(2) 663–9
9.
MalmbergK1997Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study GroupBritish Medical Journal314(7093) 1512–5
10.
MalmbergK, RydenL, WedelH2005Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidityEuropean Heart Journal26(7) 650–61
11.
MarkovitzLJ, WiechmannRJ, HarrisN2002Description and evaluation of a glycaemic management protocol for patients with diabetes undergoing heart surgeryEndocrine Practice8(1) 10–18
12.
MoghissiES, KorytkowskiMT, DiNardoM2009American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycaemic controlEndocrine Practice15(4) 353–69
13.
NoordzijPG, BoersmaE, SchreinerF2007Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgeryEuropean Journal of Endocrinology156(1) 137–42
14.
OsburneRC, CookCB, StocktonL2006Improving hyperglycaemia management in the intensive care unit: preliminary report of a nurse-driven quality improvement project using a redesigned insulin infusion algorithmThe Diabetes Educator32(3) 394–403
15.
RajuTA, TorjmanMC, GoldbergME2009Perioperative blood glucose monitoring in the general surgical populationJournal of Diabetes Science and Technology3(6) 1282–7
16.
RobertshawHJ, McAnultyGR, HallGH2004Strategies for managing the diabetic patientBest Practices & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology18(4) 631–43
17.
SimmonsD, MortonK, LaughtonSJ, ScottDJ1994A comparison of two intravenous insulin regimens among surgical patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusThe Diabetes Educator20(5) 422–7
18.
SullivanEE2007Hand-off communicationJournal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing22(4) 275–9
19.
TrenceDL, KellyJL, HirschIB2003The rationale and management of hyperglycaemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: time for changeJournal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism88(6) 2430–7
20.
Van den BergheG, WoutersP, WeekersF, 2001Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patientsThe New England Journal Medicine345(19) 1359–67
21.
Van den BergheG, WilmerA, MilantsI2006Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harmDiabetes55(11) 3151–9
22.
WilsonM, WeinrebJ, HooGW2007Intensive insulin therapy in critical care: a review of 12 protocolsDiabetes Care30(4) 1005–11
