Abstract
When I was a medical student in the 1940's, we were familiar with ‘Blue Babies' in the children's medical wards. Cyanosed, breathless to the extent of being unable to lie down, and with no effective treatment available, they were condemned to a miserable life and early death. Many of these children suffered from Fallot's tetralogy, where the main problem is stenosis of the pulmonary artery. This greatly diminishes the flow of de-oxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
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