This article considers the deployment of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) against female sex workers in light of the UK government's quest for the development of coherent legal and policy frameworks to tackle the problem of on-street sex work. First, it seeks to critique the exclusionary ASBO as an inappropriate approach to tackle sex work. Next, it discusses the pre-ASBO consultation procedure, which was meant to bring welfare agencies to the consultation table prior to the issue of an ASBO. Finally, it considers the ASBO as a mechanism of control capable of working `in tandem' with local inclusive initiatives that aim to provide practical, material and emotional assistance to enable sex workers to exit the streets. It is concluded that ASBOs should not be issued against sex workers, particularly given their potential to impact negatively on social/welfare work.
Addison, N. and T. Lawson-Cruttenden (1999) `Law and Disorder', Police Review 12 February: 16.
2.
Ballintyne, S. and P. Fraser (eds) (2000) `It's Good Talk but It's Not Good Enough—Active Consultation as a Key to Safer Communities', in S. Ballintyne, P. Fraser and V. McLaren (eds) Secure Foundations—Key Issues in Crime Prevention—Crime Reduction and Community Safety, pp. 164—88. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
3.
Benson, C. and R. Matthews (1995) `Street Prostitution: Ten Facts in Search of a Policy', International Journal of Law and Society23: 395—415.
4.
Bland, N. and T. Read (2000) Policing Anti-Social Behaviour. Police Research Series Paper 123London: Home Office .
5.
Brian, T., T. Davies and A. Phillips (2004) Policing Prostitution: ACPO's Policy, Strategy and Operational Guidelines for Dealing with Exploitation and Abuse through Prostitution. www.acpo.police.uk/
6.
Burney, E. (2002) `Talking Tough, Acting Coy: What Happened to the Anti-Social Behaviour Order?', Howard Journal of Criminal Justice41(5): 469—84.
7.
Burney, E. (2005) Making People Behave: Anti-Social Behaviour, Politics and Policy. Devon: Willan Publishing .
8.
Campbell, S. (2002) A Review of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders. Home Office Research Study 236. London: HMSO.
9.
Cohen, N. (2005) `A Law for the Vindictive', Observer 27 March. http://society.guardian.co.uk/crimeandpunishment/comment/0,8146,1447356,00.html
10.
Crawford, A. and M. Jones (1995) `Inter-Agency Co-operation and Community-Based Crime Prevention: Some Reflections on the Work of Pearson and Colleagues', British Journal of Criminology35(1): 17—33.
11.
Downes, D. and R. Morgan (2002) `The Skeletons in the Cupboard: The Politics of Law and Order at the Turn of the Millennium', in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology , 3rd edn, pp. 286—321. New York : Oxford University Press.
12.
Epstein, R. (2000) `Women Behind Bars', New Law Journal 21 April: 570—1.
13.
Gardner, J., A. von Hirsch, A.T.H. Smith, R. Morgan, A. Ashworth and N. Wasik (1998) `Clause 1—The Hybrid Law from Hell?', Criminal Justice Matters31(Spring): 25—7.
14.
Garrett, P.M. (2004) `Talking Child Protection: The Police and Social Workers “Working Together”', Journal of Social Work4(1): 77—97.
15.
Gilling, D. (2000) `Policing, Crime Prevention and Partnerships', in F. Leishman, B. Loveday and S. Savage (eds) Core Issues in Policing, 2nd edn, pp. 124—39. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
16.
Guardian (2001) `Crackdown Forces Out Prostitutes', Guardian 29 January.
17.
Hendessi, M. (1992) 4 in 10: Report on Young Women Who Become Homeless as a Result of Sexual Abuse. London: The Housing Campaign for Single People.
18.
Henriques, F. (1963) Prostitution in Europe and the New World. London: Macgibbon & Kee.
19.
Hester, M. and N. Westmarland (2004) Tackling Street Prostitution: Towards a Holistic Approach. Home Office Research Study 279. London: Home Office.
20.
Hirschfield, A. and K. Bowers (2000) `Targeting Resources for Crime Prevention', in S. Ballintyne, P. Fraser and V. McLaren (eds) Secure Foundations—Key Issues in Crime Prevention—Crime Reduction and Community Safety, pp. 203—23. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
21.
Home Office (1999) Anti-Social Behaviour Orders: Guidance. London: Home Office.
22.
Home Office (2000) Anti-Social Behaviour Orders: Guidance on Drawing up Local ASBO Protocol. London: Home Office.
23.
Home Office (2004) Paying the Price: A Consultation Paper on Prostitution. London: Home Office.
24.
House of Commons (1998a) The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), Crime and Disorder Bill, Second Reading, 8 April.
25.
House of Commons (1998b) The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), Crime and Disorder Bill, Standing Committee B, 7 May.
26.
Hubbard, P. (1998) `Community Action and the Displacement of Street Prostitutes: Evidence from British Cities', Geoforum29(3): 269—86.
27.
Hubbard, P. (2004) `Cleansing the Metropolis: Sex Work and the Politics of Zero Tolerance', Urban Studies41(9): 1687—702.
28.
Hubbard, P. and T. Sanders (2003) `Making Space for Sex Work: Female Street Prostitution and the Production of Urban Space', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research27(1): 75—89.
29.
Hunter, G., T. May and the Drug Strategy Directorate (2004) Solutions and Strategies—Drug Problems and Street Sex Markets: Guidance for Partnerships and Providers. London: Home Office.
30.
Jewell, H. (1996) Women in Medieval England. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
31.
Jones, H. and T. Sagar (2001) `The Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Prostitution and the Anti-Social Behaviour Order', Criminal Law Review873—85.
32.
Karras, R.M. (1996) Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England . New York: Oxford University Press .
33.
Kirklees (2000) ` Crime Reduction Programme Tackling Prostitution: What Works?', Home Office Funding Bid (unpublished).
34.
Lopez-Jones, N. (ed.) (1999) Some Mother's Daughter: The Hidden Movement of Prostitute Women Against Violence . London: Crossroads Books.
35.
Lowman, J. (1992) `Street Prostitution Control: Some Canadian Reflections on the Finsbury Park Experience', British Journal of Criminology32(1): 1—17.
36.
McLeod, E. (1979) `Working with Prostitutes: Probation Officers' Aims and Strategies', British Journal of Social Work9(4): 453—69.
37.
McLeod, E. (1982) Women Working: Prostitution Now. London: Croom Helm Ltd.
38.
Matthews, R. (1993) Kerb-Crawling, Prostitution and Multi-Agency Policing. Police Research Group, Crime Prevention Unit Series Paper 43London: Home Office.
39.
May, T., M. Edmunds, M. Hough and C. Harvey (1999) Street Business: The Links between Sex and Drug Markets. Police Research Series 118London: Home Office Policing and Reducing Crime Unit .
40.
O'Neill, M. (1997) `Prostitute Women Now', in G. Scambler and A. Scambler (eds) Rethinking Prostitution: Purchasing Sex in the 1990s, pp. 3—28. London: Routledge.
41.
Orr-Munro, T. (2000) `Curbing Street Sex', Police Review 28 July: 26—8.
42.
Orr-Munro, T. (2001) `Street Value', Police Review 13 July: 24—5.
43.
Phillips, C., M. Considine and R. Lewis (2000) Review of Audits and Strategies Produced by Crime and Disorder Partnerships in 1999. Briefing Note. London : Home Office.
44.
Phoenix, J. (2000) `Prostitute Identities: Men, Money and Violence' , British Journal of Criminology40(1): 37—55.
45.
Plant, M. (1997) `Alcohol, Drugs and Social Milieu', in G. Scambler and A. Scambler (eds) Rethinking Prostitution: Purchasing Sex in the 1990s , pp. 164—79. London: Routledge .
46.
Plowden, P. (1999a) `Love Thy Neighbour', New Law Journal147: 479.
47.
Plowden, P. (1999b) `Love Thy Neighbour', New Law Journal148: 520.
48.
Sagar, T. (2005) `Street Watch: Concept and Practice—Civilian Participation in Street Prostitution Control', British Journal of Criminology45(1): 98—112.
49.
Sampson, A., P. Stubbs, D. Smith, G. Pearson and H. Blagg (1988) `Crime, Localities and the Multi-Agency Approach ', British Journal of Criminology28(4): 478—93.
50.
Savage, S.P., S. Charman and S. Cope (2000) `The Policy-Making Context: Who Shapes Policing Policy', in F. Leishman, B. Loveday and S.P. Savage (eds) Core Issues in Policing, 2nd edn, pp. 30—51. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
51.
Sengupta, K. (2000) `First Good Behaviour Order Served on Prostitute ', Independent 8 March.
52.
Summers, C. (2002) Cleaning Up King's Cross. http://news.bbc.co.uk
53.
Walklate, S. (2000) `Equal Opportunities and the Future of Policing ', in F. Leishman, B. Loveday and S.P. Savage (eds) Core Issues in Policing, 2nd edn, pp. 232—48. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
54.
Warburton, F. (1998) `Nobody Likes Us: We Don't Care', Criminal Justice Matters31(Spring): 8—9.
55.
Ward, H. and S. Day (1997) `Health Care and Regulation: New Perspectives', in G. Scambler and A. Scambler (eds) Rethinking Prostitution: Purchasing Sex in the 1990s, pp. 139—63. London: Routledge.
56.
Williamson, T. (2000) `Policing: The Changing Criminal Justice Context— Twenty-Five Years of Missed Opportunities', in F. Leishman, B. Loveday and S. Savage (eds) Core Issues in Policing, 2nd edn, pp. 9—29. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
57.
Wolfenden, Sir John (1957) Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution. Cmnd 247. London: HMSO.
58.
Wright, H. and T. Sagar (2000) `Out of Sight, Out of Mind', New Law Journal150: 1792.
