The effects of different kinematic sequences of the elite golf swing on clubhead speed

Abstract

Technology has become increasingly ubiquitous in the game of golf, creating new opportunities to measure and analyze various aspects of golfers’ movements and performance outcomes. In particular, the application of biomechanics to assess location, sequencing, and velocity has gained significant traction in golf instruction and coaching. The purpose of this study is to examine how different phases of the kinematic sequence influence clubhead speed. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the downswing kinematic sequence, suggesting that efficiency is achieved through the optimal order of movement (pelvis, torso, lead arm, and club). Using data from fourteen elite right-handed male golfers competing on the PGA Tour, Korn Ferry Tour, NCAA, and within the PGA of America, we investigated the extent to which optimal sequencing during the backswing, transition, and downswing phases affects clubhead speed. Two multiple linear regression models were employed to evaluate performance. Findings from our biomechanical swing analysis revealed key insights into the optimal kinematic sequence for maximizing clubhead speed. Furthermore, the study contributes to existing literature by identifying slight variations in sequencing that can yield comparable results to the optimal sequence when clubhead speed is the performance measure. Maintaining the proper order of pelvis, torso, arm, and club during the downswing is critical for optimizing speed, which can ultimately enhance distance and scoring opportunities.