“Advantage male”: Elite university tennis players’ views on working with female tennis coaches

Abstract

Despite a significant increase in the participation of female athletes, the proportion of female coaches remains extremely low due to barriers related to the development, retention, and promotion of female coaches — especially within the high-performance sport system. This qualitative study aimed to explore players’ views on working with female tennis coaches by conducting ten semi-structured interviews with elite university tennis players. Using reflexive thematic analysis and guided by the Ecological Model of Barriers and Supports for Women Coaches framework, the study's findings revealed the following beliefs: (a) both male and female coaches can excel; however, female coaches face discriminatory perceptions and gender stereotypes that hold them back; (b) female coaches must meet a higher threshold of competence and playing ability than male coaches to gain players’ confidence; (c) female coaches often have certain advantages in coaching (e.g., being more relational and having a deeper understanding of female players and women's tennis); (d) mixed-gender coaching can be particularly valuable, as male and female coaches bring distinct perspectives and skill sets, fostering a balanced, adaptable environment. Nonetheless, the findings highlight a lack of player buy-in for female coaches and a prevailing preference for male coaches, leading to fewer coaching opportunities for women and, consequently, fewer role models to inspire future female coaches. This aligns with a historically persistent patriarchal sport culture underpinned by socially constructed gender expectations, which create barriers for female coaches. The discussion emphasizes the need for organizational change, inclusive environments, and targeted supports.