Intra- and inter-format variability of psychophysiological and technical responses in different small-sided soccer game formats: A repeated measures study

Abstract

This study investigated the variability in psychophysiological and technical responses of soccer players in two small-sided soccer games (2 and 4-a-side); (i) both within-format variability (responses across different days and times for the same format) and (ii) between-format variability (responses compared between the two formats). Twenty-four male soccer players (Age = 16.96 ± 0.86) participated voluntarily in a repeated study design in which small-sided game formats, namely 2 and 4-a-side, were played in the morning and afternoon on two consecutive days. Data were obtained for every bout performed in both formats, including heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES), and technical actions, including successful passes, unsuccessful passes, losing possession of the ball, and interception of the ball. The coefficient of variation was used to quantify the variability. A paired t-test was executed to determine the within- and between-format variations. The within-format HR outcomes exhibited minimal variation (0.012 to 0.018%CV), whereas the results on technical actions, such as passes, demonstrated a more significant fluctuation (0.083 to 0.150%CV). Repeated measures analysis showed marked variations (p < 0.05) in HR, RPE, PACES, and technical actions across the different bout measurements. In summary, both formats show increased observed variability in technical events but consistent psychophysiological data within the format.