This study aimed to compare the effects of triple continuous jumping snatch (TCJS) intervention training on the technique and performance of novice lifters. Males (n = 22; age = 19.7 ± 0.9 years; height = 173.7 ± 6.1 cm; body mass = 76.3 ± 11.8 kg) who had no training experience in weightlifting were randomly assigned to a control (CG; n = 11) or an experimental (EG; n = 11) group, and trained three times a week for 8 weeks. The CG was trained in the snatch, and EG intervened with TCJS. In the initial state, t-tests and Hedges’ effect sizes revealed significant and very large-to-nearly perfect differences (p < 0.001, g = 6.39) for barbell velocity while the barbell made contact with the body and the maximal barbell acceleration after contact (p < 0.001, g = 3.79) between CG and EG. Moreover, differences in the angle between the barbell and the shoulder prior to the turnover phase exhibited significant and moderate decreases in weeks 2, 6, and 8 (all p < 0.05, g = 0.63–0.98) by performing the snatch with the TCJS intervention. The TCJS not only impacts barbell velocity and acceleration immediately, but also reduces horizontal movement between the barbell and body. The results of this study demonstrated that the TCJS constitutes a superior training method for novice lifters to enhance the stability of techniques when compared with snatch.
MallonBWidlundT. The 1896 Olympic Games: results for all competitors in all events, with commentary. McFarland, 2015.
2.
AndreassonJJohanssonT. The fitness revolution: historical transformations in the global gym and fitness culture. Sport Sci Rev2014; 23: 91–112.
3.
ChekhovskaL. Fitness industry: state and prospects of development in the countries of the world. Slobozhanskyi Herald Sci Sport2017; 58: 107–112.
4.
HoffmanJRCooperJWendellM, et al.Comparison of Olympic vs. Traditional power lifting training programs in football players. J Strength Cond Res2004; 18: 129–135.
5.
SuchomelTJComfortPLakeJP. Enhancing the force-velocity profile of athletes using weightlifting derivatives. Strength Cond J2017; 39: 10–20.
6.
HermassiSSchwesigRAlouiG, et al.Effects of short-term in-season weightlifting training on the muscle strength, peak power, sprint performance, and ball-throwing velocity of male handball players. J Strength Cond Res2019; 33: 3309–3321.
7.
HaffGGWhitleyAMcCoyLB, et al.Effects of different set configurations on barbell velocity and displacement during a clean pull. J Strength Cond Res2003; 17: 95–103.
8.
SuchomelTJComfortPStoneMH. Weightlifting pulling derivatives: rationale for implementation and application. Sports Med2015; 45: 823–839.
9.
BurkeDTBellRAl-AdawiS, et al.Rate of injury and subjective benefits of gravitational wellness weightlifting. Open Access J Sports Med2014; 5: 215–221.
10.
ParakkatJYangGChanyA-M, et al.The influence of lift frequency, lift duration and work experience on discomfort reporting. Ergonomics2007; 50: 396–409.
11.
RileyAECraigTDSharmaNK, et al.Novice lifters exhibit a more kyphotic lifting posture than experienced lifters in straight-leg lifting. J Biomech2015; 48: 1693–1699.
12.
MooreJWQuinteroLM. Comparing forward and backward chaining in teaching Olympic weightlifting. J Appl Behav Anal2019; 52: 50–59.
13.
CarlockJSmithSHartmanM, et al.The relationship between vertical jump power estimates and weightlifting ability: a field-test approach. J Strength Cond Res2004; 18: 534–539.
14.
TricoliVLamasLCarnevaleR, et al.Short-term effects on lower-body functional power development: weightlifting vs. vertical jump training programs. J Strength Cond Res2005; 19: 433–437.
15.
MackenzieSLaversRWallaceB. A biomechanical comparison of the vertical jump, power clean, and jump squat. J Sports Sci2014; 32: 1–10.
16.
CamposJPoletaevPCuestaA, et al.Kinematical analysis of the snatch in elite male junior weightlifters of different weight categories. J Strength Cond Res2006; 20: 843–850.
17.
ChiuH-TWangC-HChengKB. The three-dimensional kinematics of a barbell during the snatch of Taiwanese weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res2010; 24: 1520–1526.
18.
GourgoulisVAggelousisNMavromatisG, et al.Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the snatch of elite Greek weightlifters. J Sports Sci2000; 18: 643–652.
19.
LiuGFeketeGYangH, et al.Comparative 3-dimensional kinematic analysis of snatch technique between top-elite and sub-elite male weightlifters in 69-kg category. Heliyon2018; 4: e00658.
20.
LinC-HFisherBEWuAD, et al.Neural correlate of the contextual interference effect in motor learning: a kinematic analysis. J Mot Behav2009; 41: 232–242.
21.
MagillRAHallKG. A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Hum Mov Sci1990; 9: 241–289.
22.
ArabatziFKellisE. Olympic weightlifting training causes different knee muscle–coactivation adaptations compared with traditional weight training. J Strength Cond Res2012; 26: 2192–2201.
23.
CormiePMcGUIGANMRNewtonRU. Changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved stretch-shorten cycle performance after training. Med Sci Sports Exercise2010; 42: 1731–1744.
HerbertKE. Why three exposures may be enough. J Advert Res1972; 12: 11–14.
26.
WernerISzelenczyNWachholzF, et al.How do movement patterns in weightlifting (clean) change when using lighter or heavier Barbell loads?—A comparison of two principal component analysis-based approaches to studying technique. Front Psychol2021; 11: 606070.
IsakaTOkadaJFunatoK. Kinematic analysis of the barbell during the snatch movement of elite Asian weight lifters. J Appl Biomech1996; 12: 508–516.
29.
TurnerAJeffreysI. The stretch-shortening cycle: proposed mechanisms and methods for enhancement. Strength Cond J2010; 32: 87–99.
30.
FlanaganEComynsT. The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength Cond J2008; 30: 32–38.
31.
SandauIGranacherU. Effects of the barbell load on the acceleration phase during the snatch in elite Olympic weightlifting. Sports2020; 8: 59.
32.
BaumannWGrossVQuadeK, et al.The snatch technique of world class weightlifters at the 1985 world championships. J Appl Biomech1988; 4: 68–89.
33.
BurdettRG. Biomechanics of the snatch technique of highly skilled and skilled weightlifters. Res Q Exerc Sport1982; 53: 193–197.
34.
HooverDCarlsonKChristensenB, et al.Biomechanical analysis of women weightlifters during the snatch. J Strength Cond Res2006; 20: 627–633.
35.
McBrideJHainesTKirbyTJ. Effect of loading on peak power of the bar, body, and system during power cleans, squats, and jump squats. J Sports Sci2011; 29: 1215–1221.
36.
FisherJSteeleJSmithD. High- and low-load resistance training: interpretation and practical application of current research findings. Sports Med2017; 47: 393–400.
37.
SuchomelTJMcKeeverSMSijuwadeO, et al.The effect of load placement on the power production characteristics of three lower extremity jumping exercises. J Hum Kinet2019; 68: 109–122.
