Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The field of psychology has a long history of encouraging researchers to disseminate their findings to the broader public. This trend has continued in recent decades in part because of professional psychology organizations reissuing calls to “give psychology away.” This recent wave of calls to give psychology away is different because it has been occurring alongside another movement in the field—the credibility revolution in which psychology has been reckoning with metascientific questions about what exactly psychologists know. This creates a dilemma for the modern psychologist: How is one to “give psychology away” if one is unsure about what is known or what one has to give? In the current article, we discuss strategies for navigating this tension by drawing on insights from the interdisciplinary fields of science communication and persuasion and social influence.

Keywords

science communication metascience ethics generalizability

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Akerlof

G. A.

(2020). Sins of omission and the practice of economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 58, 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20191573

Albertson

Gadarian

S. K.

(2020, March 20). This is who Americans trust about coronavirus information. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/20/were-all-anxious-about-pandemic-who-do-americans-want-hear/

American Psychological Association. (1963). Project on scientific information exchange in psychology (Vol. 1).

Anderson

C. A.

Allen

J. J.

Plante

Quigley-McBride

Lovett

Rokkum

J. N.

(2019). The MTurkification of social and personality psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45, 842–850. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218798821

Anderson

(2015). “The white space.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 1(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649214561306

Anderson

S. F.

Maxwell

S. E.

(2016). There’s more than one way to conduct a replication study: Beyond statistical significance. Psychological Methods, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000051

Angelou

(2014, May 28). Maya Angelou full interview with George Stroumboulopoulos [Interview]. CBC. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zAsr8bq7vk&t=716s

Bauer

P. J.

(2020). A call for greater sensitivity in the wake of a publication controversy. Psychological Science, 31, 767–769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620941482

Baumeister

F. F.

Vohs

K. D.

Funder

D. C.

(2007). Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Whatever happened to actual behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x

10.

Bem

D. J.

(2011). Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021524

11.

Bench

S. W.

Rivera

G. N.

Schlegel

R. J.

Hicks

J. A.

Lench

H. C.

(2017). Does expertise matter in replication? An examination of the reproducibility project: Psychology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 68, 181–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.07.003

12.

Bonilla-Silva

Baiocchi

(2001). Anything but racism: How sociologists limit the significance of racism. Race and Society, 4, 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9524(03)00004-4

13.

Boykin

A. W.

(1977). Experimental psychology from a Black perspective: Issues and examples. Journal of Black Psychology, 3(2), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9524(03)00004-4

14.

Brick

Freeman

A. L. J.

Wooding

Skylark

W. J.

Marteau

T. M.

Spiegelhalter

D. J.

(2018). Winners and losers: Communicating the potential impact of policies. Palgrave Communications, 4, Article 69. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0121-9

15.

Carpenter

(Ed.). (2020). The craft of science writing: Selections from The Open Notebook. The Open Notebook. https://www.theopennotebook.com/the-craft-of-science-writing/

16.

Cheon

B. K.

Melani

Hong

(2020). How USA-centric is psychology? An archival study of implicit assumptions of generalizability of findings to human nature based on origins of study samples. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11, 928–937. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620927269

17.

Clark

C. J.

Winegard

B. M.

Beardslee

Baumeister

R. F.

Shariff

A. F.

(2020). Declines in religiosity predict increases in violent crime—but not among countries with relatively high average IQ. Psychological Science, 31, 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619897915

18.

Cohen

(2019, April 18). How long do vaccines last? The surprising answers may help protect people longer. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax7364

19.

DeAngelis

(2010). Getting research into the real world. Monitor on Psychology, 41(1). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/11/dissemination

20.

De Los Reyes

(2020). The early career researcher’s toolbox: Insights into mentors, peer review, and landing a faculty job. The Center for Reinforcing Early Academic Training and Enhancement (CREATE).

21.

Denzin

N. K.

Lincoln

Y. S.

(2000). The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In Denzin

N. K.

Lincoln

Y. S.

(Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 1–28). SAGE.

22.

Devezer

Navarro

D. J.

Vandekerckhove

Buzbas

E. O.

(2020). The case for formal methodology in scientific reform. BioarXiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.26.048306

23.

Drummond

Fischhoff

(2017). Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 114, 9587–9592. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704882114

24.

Duarte

J. L.

Crawford

J. T.

Stern

Haidt

Jussim

Tetlock

P. E.

(2015). Political diversity will improve social psychological science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, Article e130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X14000430

25.

Dunnette

M. D.

(1966). Fads, fashions, and folderol in psychology. American Psychologist, 21, 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023535

26.

Eagly

A. H.

Miller

D. I.

(2016). Scientific eminence: Where are the women? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 899–904. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616663918

27.

Earl

Lewis

N. A.

(2019). Health in context: New perspectives on healthy thinking and healthy living. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 81(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.09.001

28.

Earl

Nisson

(2015). Applications of selective exposure and attention to information for understanding health and health disparities. In Scott

R. A.

Buchmann

M. C.

(Eds.), Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0013

29.

Ellsworth

P. C.

(1991). To tell what we know or wait for Godot? Law and Human Behavior, 15(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01044831

30.

Ellsworth

P. C.

(2016). Truth and advocacy. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/video/phoebe-ellsworth-truth-and-advocacy.html

31.

Engber

(2017, June 7). Daryl Bem proved ESP is real. Slate. https://slate.com/health-and-science/2017/06/daryl-bem-proved-esp-is-real-showed-science-is-broken.html

32.

Flake

J. K.

Fried

(2020). Measurement schmeasurement: Questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920952393

33.

Flake

J. K.

Pek

Hehman

(2017). Construct validation in social and personality research: Current practice and recommendations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8, 370–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693063

34.

Freund

A. M.

(2017). The ill-fated quest for fame in psychological research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 1141–1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617723148

35.

Gelman

(2020). Concerns with that Stanford study of coronavirus prevalence. https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2020/04/19/fatal-flaws-in-stanford-study-of-coronavirus-prevalence/

36.

Gilbert

D. T.

King

Pettigrew

Wilson

T. D.

(2016). Comment on “Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science.” Science, 351, Article I037. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad7243

37.

Gilovich

(1993). How we know what isn’t so: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life. Free Press.

38.

Gilovich

Ross

(2016). The wisest one in the room: How you can benefit from social psychology’s most powerful insights. Simon and Schuster.

39.

Giner-Sorolla

(2019). From crisis of evidence to a “crisis” of relevance? Incentive-based answers for social psychology’s perennial relevance worries. European Review of Social Psychology, 30(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1542902

40.

Goroff

D. L.

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. Scheel

A. M.

Scherer

L. D.

Tucker

J. A.

(2018). The inference engine: A grand challenge to address the context sensitivity problem in social science research. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j8b9a

41.

Greene

J. P.

McShane

M. Q.

(2018). Failure up close: What happens, why it happens, and what we can learn from it. Rowman & Littlefield.

42.

Gruber

Saxbe

Bushman

B. J.

McNamara

Rhodes

(2019). How can psychological science contribute to a healthier, happier, and more sustainable world? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618821624

43.

Gustafson

Goldberg

(2018). Even Americans highly concerned about climate change dramatically underestimate the scientific consensus. Climate Note. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/even-americans-highly-concerned-about-climate-change-dramatically-underestimate-the-scientific-consensus/

44.

Guthrie

R. V.

(2004). Even the rat was white: A historical view of psychology. Pearson Education.

45.

Hall

M. P.

Raimi

K. T.

(2018). Is belief superiority justified by superior knowledge? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.001

46.

Henrich

Heine

S. J.

Norenzayan

(2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X

47.

Hoffman

A. J.

Ashworth

Dwelle

Goldberg

Henderson

Merlin

Muzyrya

Simon

N-J.

Taylor

Weisheit

Wilson

(2015). Academic engagement in public and political discourse: Proceedings of the Michigan meeting. University of Michigan Press.

48.

Hovland

Janis

I. L.

Kelley

H. H.

(1953). Communication and persuasion: Psychological studies of opinion change. Yale University Press.

49.

Hussain

Ali

Ahmed

Hussain

(2018). The anti-vaccination movement: A regression in modern medicine. Cureus, 10(7), Article e2919. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2919

50.

IJzerman

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. Weinstein

DeBruine

Ritchie

S. J.

Vazire

Forscher

Morey

Ivory

Anvari

Przybylski

A. K.

(2020). Use caution when applying behavioural science to policy. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 1092–1094. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00990-w

51.

Jones

E. E.

Nisbett

R. E.

(1971). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of behavior. General Learning Press.

52.

Jones-Rooy

(2019, July 24). I’m a data scientist who is skeptical about data. Quartz. https://qz.com/1664575/is-data-science-legit/

53.

Kirchherr

Biswas

A. K.

(2015, April 11). Prof, no one is reading you. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/prof-no-one-is-reading-you

54.

Klein

R. A.

Vianello

Hasselman

Adams

B. G.

Adams

R. B.

Jr. Alper

Aveyard

Axt

J. R.

Babaola

M. T.

Bahnik

Batra

Berkics

Bernstein

M. J.

Berry

D. R.

Bialobrzeska

Binan

E. D.

Bocian

Brandt

M. J.

Busching

. . . Batra

(2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 443–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225

55.

Knobloch-Westerwick

(2015). The selective exposure self- and affect-management (SESAM) model: Applications in the realms of race, politics, and health. Communication Research, 42, 959–985. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650214539173

56.

Kruger

Dunning

(1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121–1134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121

57.

Laajaj

Macours

Hernandez

D. A. P.

Arias

Gosling

S. D.

Potter

Rubio-Codina

Vakis

(2019). Challenges to capture the big five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science Advances, 5(7), Article eaaw5226. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5226

58.

Lamar

(2017). Humble [Song]. On Damn. Top Dawg Entertainment; Aftermath Entertainment; Interscope Records.

59.

Lang

S. S.

(2005, September 26). Urie Bronfenbrenner, father of Head Start program and pre-eminent ‘human ecologist,’ dies at age 88. Cornell Chronicle. https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/09/head-start-founder-urie-bronfenbrenner-dies-88

60.

Leary

M. R.

Diebels

K. J.

Davisson

E. K.

Jongman-Sereno

K. P.

Isherwood

J. C.

Raimi

K. T.

Deffler

S. A.

Hoyle

R. H.

(2017). Cognitive and interpersonal features of intellectual humility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 793–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217697695

61.

Leslie

(2015, May 7). Measles vaccine protects against other deadly diseases. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4566

62.

Lewenstein

B. V.

(1992). The meaning of ‘Public Understanding of Science’ in the United States after World War II. Public Understanding of Science, 1, 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/1/1/009

63.

Lewenstein

B. V.

(2015). Identifying what matters: Science education, science communication, and democracy. Journal of Research on Science Teaching, 52, 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21201

64.

Lewenstein

B. V.

(2017). Scientific controversies. In Jamieson

K. H.

Kahan

Scheufele

D. A.

(Eds.), Handbook of science of science communication (pp. 73–78). Oxford University Press.

65.

Lewin

(1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x

66.

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. (2019). Studying people in their local environments: Using a mobile research lab to study person-by-situation interactions. Observer, 32(3), 29–30. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/studying-people-in-their-local-environments

67.

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. (2020). Open communication science: A primer on why and some recommendations for how. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2019.1685660

68.

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. Oyserman

(2016). Using identity-based motivation to improve the nation’s health without breaking the bank. Behavioural Science and Policy, 2(2), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1353/bsp.2016.0013

69.

Lewis

N. A.

Jr. Van Bavel

J. J.

Somerville

L. H.

Gruber

(2018, November 5). A social media survival guide for scientists. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.caredit.aav9607

70.

Lin

Stamm

Christidis

(2018). 2007-16: Demographics of the U.S. psychology workforce. https://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/16-demographics/index

71.

Malle

B. F.

(2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 895–919. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.895

72.

Maul

(2017). Rethinking traditional methods of survey validation. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 15(2), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2017.1348108

73.

Merton

R. K.

(1968). The Matthew effect in science. Science, 159(3810), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3810.56

74.

Miller

G. A.

(1969). Psychology as a means of promoting human welfare. American Psychologist, 24, 1063–1075. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028988

75.

Motyl

Demos

A. P.

Carsel

T. S.

Hanson

B. E.

Melton

Z. J.

Mueller

A. B.

Prims

J. P.

Sun

Washburn

A. N.

Wong

K. M.

Yantis

Skitka

L. J.

(2017). The state of social and personality science: Rotten to the core, not so bad, getting better, or getting worse? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 34–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000084

76.

Navarro

D. J.

(2019). Between the devil and the deep blue sea: Tensions between scientific judgment and statistical model selection. Computational Brain & Behavior, 2(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42113-018-0019-z

77.

Nelson

L. D.

Simmons

Simonsohn

(2018). Psychology’s renaissance. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 511–534. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011836

78.

Nosek

B. A.

Spies

J. R.

Motyl

(2012). Scientific utopia: II. Restructuring incentives and practices to promote truth over publishability. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459058

79.

Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349, Article aac4716. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716

80.

Orben

Przybylski

A. K.

(2019). The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use. Nature Human Behavior, 3, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1

81.

Oyserman

(2015). Pathways to success through identity-based motivation. Oxford University Press.

82.

Oyserman

(2017). Culture three ways: Culture and subcultures within countries. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 435–463. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033617

83.

Oyserman

Lewis

N. A.

(2017). Seeing the destination AND the path: Using identity-based motivation to understand and reduce racial disparities in academic achievement. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11, 159–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12030

84.

Oyserman

Schwarz

(2017). Conservatism as a situated identity: Implications for consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27, 532–536. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033617

85.

Page

S. E.

(2008). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups, firms, schools, and societies. Princeton University Press.

86.

Pailey

R. N.

(2020). De-centring the ‘White Gaze’ of development. Development and Change, 51, 729–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12550

87.

Perry

Skinner

Abaied

J. L.

Osnaya

Waters

(2020). Exploring how parent-child conversations about race influence children’s implicit biases. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3xdg8

88.

Plomin

DeFries

J. C.

Knopik

V. S.

Neiderhiser

J. M.

(2016). Top 10 replicated findings from behavioral genetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615617439

89.

Ray

(2019). A theory of racialized organizations. American Sociological Review, 84, 26–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418822335

90.

Revelle

Wilt

Condon

D. M.

(2013). Individual differences and differential psychology: A brief history and prospect. In Chamorro-Premuzic

von Stumm

Furnham

(Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of individual differences (pp. 1–38). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444343120.ch1

91.

Ritchie

(2020, March 31). Don’t trust the psychologists on coronavirus. UnHerd. https://unherd.com/2020/03/dont-trust-the-psychologists-on-coronavirus/

92.

Roberts

S. O.

Bareket-Shavit

Dollins

F. A.

Goldie

P. D.

Mortenson

(2020). Racial inequality in psychological research: Trends of the past and recommendations for the future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(6), 1295–1309. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620927709

93.

Roberts

S. O.

Rizzo

M. T.

(2020). The psychology of American racism. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/w2h73

94.

Roe

(1953). The making of a scientist. Dodd, Mead & Company.

95.

Roediger

H. L.

(2016). Varieties of fame in psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 882–887. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616662457

96.

Sanchez

Dunning

(2018). Overconfidence among beginners: Is a little learning a dangerous thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114, 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000102

97.

Sears

D. O.

(1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology’s view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515

98.

Shelton

J. N.

(2000). A reconceptualization of how we study issues of racial prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 374–390. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0404_6

99.

Silberzahn

Uhlmann

E. L.

Martin

D. P.

Anselmi

Aust

Awtrey

Bahník

Š.

Bai

Bannard

Bonnier

Carlsson

Cheung

Christensen

Clay

Craig

M. A.

Dalla Rosa

Dam

Evans

M. H.

Flores Cervantes

. . . Nosek

B. A.

(2018). Many analysts, one data set: Making transparent how variations in analytic choices affect results. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917747646

100.

Simmons

J. P.

Nelson

L. D.

Simonsohn

(2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22, 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632

101.

Simons

D. J.

Shoda

Lindsay

D. S.

(2017). Constraints on generality (COG): A proposed addition to all empirical papers. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 1123–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617708630

102.

Smith

T. W.

Son

(2014). Measuring occupational prestige on the 2012 General Social Survey (GSS Methodological Report No. 122). http://www.gss.norc.org/Documents/reports/methodological-reports/MR122%20Occupational%20Prestige.pdf

103.

Soto

(2019). How replicable are links between personality traits and consequential life outcomes? The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project. Psychological Science, 30, 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619831612

104.

Sternberg

R. J.

(2016). “Am I famous yet?” Judging scholarly merit in psychological science: An introduction. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 877–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616661777

105.

Sumner

Vivian-Griffiths

Boivin

Williams

Bott

Adams

Venetis

C. A.

Whelan

Hughes

Chambers

C. D.

(2016). Exaggerations and caveats in press releases and health-related science news. PLOS ONE, 11(12), Article e0168217. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168217

106.

Syed

(2017). Why traditional metrics may not adequately represent ethnic minority psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 1162–1165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617709590

107.

Syed

(2020). Psychology of COVID-19 preprint tracker[Spreadsheet]. Google Docs. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1owb_jkXp6FMubhvh-aTKwzzxF87lNiRjia6kKMw-ZGA/edit#gid=0

108.

Syed

Kathawalla

(2020, February 25). Cultural psychology, diversity, and representation in Open Science. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/t7hp2

109.

Tankard

M. E.

Paluck

E. L.

(2016). Norm perception as a vehicle for social change. Social Issues and Policy Review, 10, 181–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12022

110.

Teachman

Norton

Spellman

(2015). Memos to the president from a “Council of Psychological Science Advisers.” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 697–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615605829

111.

Twenge

(2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy-and completely unprepared for adulthood-and what that means for the rest of us. Atria Books.

112.

Tyack

D. B.

Cuban

(1995). Tinkering toward utopia. Harvard University Press.

113.

Vazire

(2018). Implications of the credibility revolution for productivity, creativity, and progress. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13, 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617751884

114.

Wai

Halpern

D. F.

(2018). The impact of changing norms on creativity in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13, 466–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618773326

115.

Wai

Miller

D. I.

(2015, December 1). Here’s why academics should write for the public. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/heres-why-academics-should-write-for-the-public-50874

116.

Webb

T. L.

Sheeran

(2006). Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249

117.

Yarkoni

(2019, November 22). The generalizability crisis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jqw35

118.

Yeager

(2019, November 15). How to overcome the education hype cycle. Bold. https://bold.expert/how-to-overcome-the-education-hype-cycle/

119.

You

(2017, April 27). Here’s the visual proof of why vaccines do more good than harm. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1107

120.

Zuberi

Bonilla-Silva

(2008). White logic, white methods: Racism and methodology. Rowman & Littlefield.

121.

Zwaan

R. A.

Etz

Lucas

R. E.

Donnellan

M. B.

(2018). Making replication mainstream. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 41, Article e120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001972

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.07 MB

Communicating What We Know and What Isn’t So: Science Communication in Psychology

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References

Supplementary Material