Internationalizing the journalistic professional model: imperatives and impediments

Ayish, Muhammad (2002) `Political Communication on Arab World Television: Evolving Patterns', Political Communication 19: 137—54.

Becker, Lee , Vlad, Tudor and Nusser, Nancy (2004) `Media Freedom: Conceptualizing and Operationalizing the Outcome of Media Democratization', paper given at the 2004 IAMCR conference. URL (consulted September 2006 ): http://www.grady.uga.edu:16080/coxcenter/PDFs/Media%20Freedom.pdf .

Berkowitz, Dan (2006) `Is All the News Ours? Political Violence, September 11, and the War on Iraq', paper presented at the 2006 IAMCR conference in Cairo.

Coman, Mihai (2000) `Developments in Journalism Theory about Media “Transition” in Central and Eastern Europe 1990—1999', Journalism Studies 1(1): 35—56.

Curran, James and Park, Myung-Jin (eds) (2000) De-Westernizing Media Studies . London: Routledge.

De Beer, Arnold S. and Merrill, John C. (eds) (2004) Global Journalism — Topical Issues and Media Systems. Boston: Pearson.

De Burgh, Hugo (2000) `Chinese Journalism and the Academy: The Politics and Pedagogy of the Media', Journalism Studies 1(4): 549— 58.

De Burgh, Hugo (ed.) (2005) Making Journalists. London: Routledge .

Deuze, Mark (2005) `What is Journalism? Professional Identity and Ideology of Journalists Reconsidered', Journalism 6(4): 442—64.

Downing, John (1996) Internationalizing Media Theory. London: Sage.

Freedom of the Press (2006) ` Table of Global Press Freedom Rankings'. Freedom House . URL (consulted September 2006): http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/PFS/PFSGlobalTables2006.pdf#search=%22table%20of%20global%20press%20freedom%20rankings%22.

Hafez, Kai (2002) `Journalism Ethics Revisited: A Comparison of Ethics Codes in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Muslim Asia', Political Communication (19): 225—50.

Hallin, Daniel and Mancini, Paolo (2004) Comparing Media Systems — Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Huang, Chengju (2003) `Transitional Media vs. Normative Theories: Schramm, Altschull, and China', Journal of Communication 53(3): 444—59.

Idid, Syed Arabi (1998) `Malaysia', in A. Latif (ed.) Walking the Tightrope: Press Freedom and Professional Standards in Asia, pp. 119—27. Singapore : AMIC.

Josephi, Beate (2001) `Entering the Newsroom: What Rite of Passage? The Induction of Cadets at the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in Comparison with Young Journalists' Training at English Language Papers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia', Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research 26(2): 181—95.

Lee, Kuan Yew (2000) From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965—2000. Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings.

MacBride , Sean (1980) Many Voices, One World. Paris: UNESCO.

McNair, Brian (2000) Journalism and Democracy. London : Routledge

Mancini, Paolo (2000) `Political Complexity and Alternative Models of Journalism: The Italian Case', in James Curran and Myung-Jin Park (eds) De-Westernizing Media Studies, pp. 265—78. London: Routledge.

Massey, Brian and Chang, Li-jing Arthur (2002) `Locating Asian Values in Asian Journalism: A Content Analysis of Web Newspapers', Journal of Communication 52(4): 987—1003.

Nordenstreng, Kaarle (1998) `Professional Ethics: Between Fortress Journalism and Cosmopolitan Democracy', in Kees Brants, Joke Hermes and Liesbet van Zoonen (eds) The Media in Question, pp. 124—34. London: Sage.

Sakr, Naomi (2005) `The Changing Dynamics of Arab Journalism', in Hugo De Burgh (ed.) Making Journalists , pp. 142—56. London: Routledge .

Schudson , Michael (2001) `The Objectivity Norm in American Journalism', Journalism 2(2): 149—70.

Schudson, Michael (2003) The Sociology of News. New York : Norton.

Sparks, Colin (2000) `Media Theory after the Fall of European Communism: Why the Old Models from East and West Won't Do Anymore', in James Curran and Myung-Jin Park (eds) De-Westernizing Media Studies, pp. 35—49. London: Routledge.

Splichal, Slavko and Sparks, Colin (1994) Journalists for the 21st Century. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Traber, Michael (1997) `Conclusion: An Ethics of Communication Worthy of Human Beings', in Clifford G. Christians and Michael Traber (eds) Communication Ethics and Universal Values, pp. 327—43. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Wassermann, Herman (2006) `Globalized Values and Postcolonial Responses — South African Perspectives on Normative Media Ethics', The International Communication Gazette 68(1): 71—91.

Weaver, David (1998) The Global Journalist. Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

Zhao, Yuezhi (1998) Media, Market, and Democracy in China: Between the Party Line and the Bottom Line. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Zhou, He (2000) `Working with a Dying Ideology: Dissonance and its Reduction in Chinese Journalism', Journalism Studies 1(4): 599—616.

Zhou, Yuezhi (2000) `Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and Implications of Investigative Journalism in Post-Deng China', Journalism Studies 1(4): 577—97.