This article raises questions about and provides meta-paradigmatic perspectives
on an integral understanding of leadership. In view of the various shortcomings
of conventional leadership discourse, an integral orientation considers that
leadership research demands a comprehensive framework and multi-level approach
suited for investigating the complex, interrelated processes involved.
Correspondingly, the outlined integral framework of leadership covers the
interdependent subjective, intersubjective and objective dimensions of leaders
and leadership. Furthermore, developmental levels and lines —
classified in a dynamic cycle — open up a processual understanding of
leadership. Finally, theoretical and methodological implications are discussed
and some avenues for future research and perspectives of integral leadership
presented.