Beliefs and misconceptions about hypertension disease: A qualitative study among patients in a peri-urban community in Ghana

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to explore beliefs and perceptions about hypertension among patients living with hypertension in a local district in the Eastern region of Ghana.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, and the Health Belief Model was used to guide the data collection, analysis, and organization of the study findings. Overall, seventeen participants were interviewed. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide. Participants were conveniently selected from a district local Government Hospital. Data gathered were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Almost all the participants acknowledged hypertension as a severe but chronic illness that can cause sudden death. They also identified that lifestyle practices and individual attitudes were associated with the hypertension condition's causes, management, and control. The findings revealed several unscientific misconceptions and beliefs about hypertension, which could influence their disease management and control decisions.

Discussion

Patients’ decisions on alternative treatment for hypertension are primarily based on beliefs and misconceptions based on the information they receive from unregulated media and peers. The prevention and control of hypertension should focus on behavior and lifestyle modification which needs reinforcement through health education and promotion.