Individuals self-manage chronic illnesses daily with episodic support provided by healthcare professionals. Learning about supporting self-management should be part of healthcare professional student programme curricular and training. However, little is known about the perceptions and attitudes students hold about supporting patient self-management and whether support for self-management is implemented on clinical placement.
Methods
A mixed method approach explored students’ perceptions and attitudes to supporting patient self-management via e-survey and semi-structured interviews.
Results
Survey data (n = 96; 11 programmes) were analysed descriptively and interviews thematically (n = 10; F = 9; aged 19–34 years; 8 programmes). Survey data suggested participants had a positive attitude towards, and were confident in providing support for self-management, but did not implement it frequently in clinical environments. One main theme “Self-management support is puzzling” identified the uncertainty around what students thought their role was or how to enact support within the patient interaction. A smaller theme “Self-management support is valuable” showed participants were open to learning more about how to support patient self-management.
Discussion
We suggest more explicit and frequent learning opportunities need to be provided for healthcare professional students to learn how to support patient self-management, with particular emphasis on involving family and incorporating self-management tools within the patient encounter.
Lewis-BarnedN. Shared decision making and support for self-management: a rationale for change. Future Hosp J2016; 3: 117–120.
6.
LorigKHolmanH. Self-management education. History definition outcomes and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med2003; 26: 1–7.
7.
BarlowJWrightCSheasbyJ, et al.Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review. Patient Educ Couns2002; 48: 177–187.
8.
MatthewsTTrenowethS. Nurses’ perceptions of self-management in renal care. Br J Nurs2015; 24: 956–961.
9.
MudgeSKayesNMcPhersonK. Who is in control? Clinicians’ view on their role in self-management approaches: a qualitative metasynthesis. BMJ Open2015; 5: e007413.
10.
NorrisMKilbrideC. From dictatorship to a reluctant democracy: stroke therapists talking about self-management. Disabil Rehabil2014; 36: 32–38.
11.
JongerdenIPSlevVNvan HooftSM, et al.Self-management support in patients with incurable cancer: how confident are nurses?Oncol Nurs Forum2019; 46: 104–112.
12.
TaylorAMonsantoXKilgourH, et al.Attitudes of healthcare professionals towards self-management for patients with stroke. N Z J Physiother2019; 47: 25–35.
13.
GravesHGarrettCAmielSA, et al.Psychological skills training to support diabetes self-management: qualitative assessment of nurses’ experiences. Prim Care Diabetes2016; 10: 376–382.
14.
LukewichJMannEVanDenKerkhofE, et al.Self-management support for chronic pain in primary care: a cross-sectional study of patient experiences and nursing roles. J Adv Nurs2015; 71: 2551–2562.
15.
van HooftSMDwarswaardJBalR, et al.What factors influence nurses’ behavior in supporting patient self-management? An explorative questionnaire study. Int J Nurs Stud2016; 63: 65–72.
16.
YoungHMAppsLDHarrisonSL, et al.Important, misunderstood, and challenging: a qualitative study of nurses’ and allied health professionals’ perceptions of implementing self-management for patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2015; 10: 1043–1052.
17.
DuprezVBeeckmanDVerhaegheS, et al.Self-management support by final year nursing students: a correlational study of performance and person-related associated factors. Int J Nurs Stud2017; 74: 120–127.
18.
FigueiredoSMayoNEThomasA. Future rehabilitation professionals’ intentions to use self-management support: helping students to help patients. Physiother Can2017; 69: 73–80.
19.
van HooftSMBecquéYNDwarswaardJ, et al.Teaching self-management support in Dutch bachelor of nursing education: a mixed methods study of the curriculum. Nurse Educ Today2018; 68: 146–152.
NugentR. Preventing and managing chronic diseases. Br Med J2019; 364: l459.
22.
BlakelyTKvizhinadzeGAtkinsonJ, et al.Health system costs for individual and comorbid noncommunicable diseases: an analysis of publicly funded health events from New Zealand. PLoS Med2019; 16: e1002716.
23.
ReynoldsRDennisSHasanI, et al.A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care. BMC Fam Pract2018; 19: 11–11.
24.
WagnerEH. Chronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness?Eff Clin Pract1998; 1: 2–4.
25.
SilverI. Bridging the gap: person centred, place-based self-management support. Future Healthc J2018; 5: 188–191.
EysenbachG. Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for reporting results of internet E-surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res2004; 6: 34.
32.
TongASainsburyPCraigJ. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care2007; 19: 349–357.
33.
HibbardJHCollinsPAMahoneyE, et al.The development and testing of a measure assessing clinician beliefs about patient self-management. Health Expect2010; 13: 65–72.
34.
DuprezVVan HooftSMDwarswaardJ, et al.The development and psychometric validation of the self-efficacy and performance in self-management support (SEPSS) instrument. J Adv Nurs2016; 72: 1381–1395.
35.
JonesFBaileyN. How can we train stroke practitioners about patient self-management? Description and evaluation of a pathway wide training programme. Eur J Pers Cent Healthc2013; 1: 246–254.
36.
JonesFPöstgesHBrimicombeL. Building bridges between healthcare professionals, patients and families: a coproduced and integrated approach to self-management support in stroke. NeuroRehabilitation2016; 39: 471–480.
37.
DicleMFDicleB. Content analysis: frequency distribution of words. Stata J2018; 18: 379–386.
DonnellyJDykesMGriffioenR, et al.Self-management support training for undergraduate and graduate entry healthcare professional students: an integrative review. Phys Ther Rev2020; 25: 422–434.
45.
DeleaDShraderSPhillipsC. A week-long diabetes simulation for pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ2010; 74: 30.
CarrSMPaliadelisPLhussierM, et al.Looking after yourself: clinical understandings of chronic-care self-management strategies in rural and urban contexts of the United Kingdom and Australia. SAGE Open Med2: 1–9.
48.
SadlerEWolfeCDJonesF, et al.Exploring stroke survivors’ and physiotherapists’ views of self-management after stroke: a qualitative study in the UK. BMJ Open2017; 7: e011631.
49.
WilkinsonMWhiteheadLCroweM. Nurses perspectives on long-term condition self-management: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs2016; 25: 240–246.
50.
KrouwelMJollyKGreenfieldS. Comparing skype (video calling) and in-person qualitative interview modes in a study of people with irritable bowel syndrome - an exploratory comparative analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol2019; 19: 19.
51.
ArchibaldMMAmbagtsheerRCCaseyMG, et al.Using zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants. Int J Qual Methods2019; 18: 1609406919874596.
52.
OliffeJLKellyMTGonzalez MontanerG, et al.Zoom interviews: benefits and concessions. Int J Qual Methods2021; 20: 16094069211053522.
53.
NorrisMJonesFKilbrideC, et al.Exploring the experience of facilitating self-management with minority ethnic stroke survivors: a qualitative study of therapists’ perceptions. Disabil Rehabil2014; 36: 2252–2261.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
