The role of comorbidities in patients’ hypertension self-management

Abstract

Objective

We sought to understand barriers to hypertension self-management in patients with hypertension and comorbidities.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 48 patients with uncontrolled hypertension and at least one comorbidity to learn about beliefs and behaviors that might affect hypertension self-management. Using a grounded theory strategy, we analyzed interview transcripts detailing patients’ hypertension self-management behaviors vis-à-vis a framework including Explanatory Models—a patient’s understanding of the pathophysiology, cause, course, treatment, and severity of an illness, such as hypertension.

Results

We identified four factors that interfered with hypertension self-management. (1) Interdependence: Participants saw hypertension as interconnected to their comorbidities and subsequently had difficulty separating information about their illnesses. (2) Low priority: Compared to other conditions, participants assigned hypertension a lower priority. (3) Conflicts: Participants struggled with conflicts between hypertension self-management practices and those for comorbidities. (4) Managing multiple medications: Polypharmacy led to patients’ confusion and concern about taking medications as prescribed.

Discussion

Participants did not experience hypertension as a discreet clinical condition; rather, they self-managed hypertension concurrently with other conditions, leading to a breakdown in hypertension self-management. We provide strategies to address each of the four barriers to better equip providers in addressing their clinically salient concerns.