Long-term predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of myocardial infarction survivors: a longitudinal study

Abstract

Background: Smoking has been causally linked to cardiovascular disease, and smoking cessation after myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with a 50% reduction in mortality. Post-MI smokers are a vulnerable population for which efforts to encourage cessation should be maximized. We examined the determinants of smoking cessation after MI.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 768 Israeli smokers was followed-up longitudinally after first MI. Data were collected at study entry on demographic, socioeconomic, smoking behaviour, and clinical variables. Psychosocial measures were obtained in a subsample (n = 330). Self-reported smoking status was assessed at 3–6 months, 1–2 years, 5 years, and 10–13 years after MI. Generalized estimating equation analyses determined which factors were significant predictors of smoking status.

Results: Point abstinence rates throughout follow-up ranged from 55% to 70%, while continuous abstinence rates were 59% after 1–2 years, 44% after 5 years, and 35% after 10–13 years, among survivors. Variables most strongly associated with persistent smoking were young age, long duration and high intensity of pre-MI smoking, low education, poor family income, lack of a steady partner, non-diabetic status, and short hospital stay at the index MI. Significant psychosocial predictors were low sense of coherence and high depression.

Conclusions: Determinants of smoking cessation after MI are multifactorial and include demographic, socioeconomic, smoking behaviour, clinical and psychosocial measures. Post-MI hospitalization is a window of opportunity for smoking cessation interventions. Patients should be assessed for psychosocial characteristics and those with low sense of coherence and high depression should be provided with targeted help to quit.