Commentary on Sertkaya et al. and Larson et al.

Marks HM. The 1954 Salk poliomyelitis vaccine field trial. Clin Trials 2011; 8: 224–234.

Monto AS. Francis field trial of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine: background and lessons for today. Epidemiol Rev 1999; 21: 7–23.

Rose DR. Fact sheet-polio vaccine field trial of 1954. March of Dimes Archives, 11 February 2004.

DiMasi JA. Tufts center for the study of drug development. Briefing: cost of developing a new drug. R&D Cost Study Briefing, Boston, MA, 18 November 2014. Available at: http://csdd.tufts.edu/files/uploads/Tufts_CSDD_briefing_on_RD_cost_study_-_Nov_18,_2014.pdf

Tufts CSDD: PhRMA. 2014 Industry Profile.

Berndt ER Nass D Kleinrock M . Decline in economic returns from new drugs raises questions about sustaining innovations. Health Aff 2015; 34: 245–252.

Sertkaya A Wong HH Jessup A . Key cost drivers of pharmaceutical clinical trials in the U.S. Clin Trials 2016; 13: 117–126.

Larson GS Carey C Grarup J . Lessons learned: infrastructure development and financial management for large, publically funded, international trials. Clin Trials 2016; 13: 127–136.

Getz K. Improving protocol design feasibility to drive drug development economics and performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11: 5069–5080.

Collins JF Martin S Kent E . The use of regional coordinating centers in large clinical trials: the DIG trial. Control Clin Trials 2003; 24(Suppl. 6): 298S–305S.

Califf RM Harrington RA. American industry and the U.S. Cardiovascular Clinical Research Enterprise an appropriate analogy? J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 677–680.

Eisenstein EL Lemons PW 2nd Tardiff BE . Reducing the costs of phase III cardiovascular clinical trials. Am Heart J 2005; 149: 482–488.