In vivo and in vitro techniques are available for reseach on the functions of endothelial cells during angiogenesis. In this review we describe and evaluate the methodology and specific features of some of the most frequently used in vivo assays.
PassanitiA., TaylorR.M., PiliR.A simple, quantitative method for expressing angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents using reconstituted basement membrane, heparin, and fibroblast growth factor.Lab Invest1992; 67: 519–28.
6.
AusprunkD.H., KnightonD.R., FolkmanJ.Differentiation of vascular endothelium in the chick chorioallantois: a structural and autoradiographic study.Dev Biol1974; 38: 237–49.
7.
AusprunkD.H., KnightonD.R., FolkmanJ.Vascularization of normal and neoplastic tissues grafted to the chick chorioallantois.Am J Pathol1975; 79: 597–610.
8.
KnightonD.R., AusprunkD.H., TapperD., FolkmanJ.A vascular and vascular phases of tumor growth in the chick embryo.Br J Cancer1977; 35: 347–56.
9.
RibattiD., VaccaA., BertossiM., De BenedictisG., RoncaliL., DammaccoF.Angiogenesis induced by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Lack of correlation with tumor malignancy and immunologic phenotype.Anticancer Res1990; 10: 401–6.
10.
LeeneW., DuyzingsM.J.M., Von SteegC.Lymphoid stem cell identification in the developing thymus and bursa of Fabricius of the chick.Z Zellforsh1973; 136: 521–33.
11.
RibattiD., VaccaA., RoncaliL., DammaccoF.The chick embryo chrorioallantoic membrane as a model for in vivo research on angiogenesis.Int J Dev Biol1996; 40: 1189–97.
12.
LangerR., FolkmanJ.Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules.Nature1976; 363: 475–82.
13.
RibattiD., UrbinatiC., NicoB., RusnatiM., RoncaliL., PrestaM.Endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor is implicated in the vascularization of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.Dev Biol1995; 170: 39–49.
14.
IurlaroM., VaccaA., RibattiD.Antiangiogenesis by cyclosporine.Exp Hematol1998; 26: 1215–22.
15.
RibattiD., RoncaliL., NicoB., BertossiM.Effects of exogenous heparin on vasculogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane.Acta Anat1987; 130: 257–63.
16.
GualandrisA., RusnatiM., BelleriM.Basic fibroblast growth factor overexpression in endothelial cells: an autocrine mechanism for angiogenesis and angioproliferative diseases.Cell Growth Diff1996; 7: 147–60.
17.
WiltingJ., ChristB., BokelohM.A modified chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay for qualitative and quantitative study of growth factors. Studies on the effects of carriers, PBS, angiogenin and bFGF.Anat Embryol1991; 183: 259–71.
18.
NguyenM., ShingY., FolkmanJ.Quantitation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.Microvasc Res1994; 47: 31–40.
19.
AuerbachR., KubaiL., KnightonD.R., FolkmanJ.A simple procedure for the long-term cultivation of chicken embryos.Dev Biol1974; 41: 391–4.
20.
DuganJ.D.J., LawtonM.T., GlaserB., BremH.A new technique for explantation and in vitro cultivation of chicken embryos.Anat Rec1991; 229: 125–8.
21.
RibattiD., GualandrisA., BastakiM.New model for the study of angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane: the gelatin sponge/chorioallantoic membrane assay.J Vasc Res1997; 34: 455–63.
22.
RibattiD., AlessandriG., VaccaA., IurlaroM., PonzoniM.Human neuroblastoma cells produce extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, induce endothelial cell proliferation and are angiogenic in vivo.Int J Cancer1998; 77: 449–54.
23.
VaccaA., RibattiD., IurlaroM.Human lymphoblastoid cells produce extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes and induce endothelial cell proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis.Int J Clin Lab Res1998; 28: 55–68.
24.
VaccaA., RibattiD., PrestaM.Bone marrow neovascularization, plasma cell angiogenic potential, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion parallel progression of human multiple myeloma.Blood1999; 93: 3064–73.
25.
BarnhillR.L., RyanT.J.Biochemical modulation of angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo.J Invest Dermatol1983; 81: 485–8.
26.
DusseauJ.W., HutchinsP.M., MalsabaD.S.Stimulation of angiogenesis by adenosine on the chick chorioallantoic membrane.Circ Res1986; 59: 163–70.
27.
FolkmanJ., CotranR.Relation of vascular proliferation to tumor growth.Int Rev Exp Pathol1976; 16: 207–48.
28.
BarrieR., WolteringE.A., HajarizadehH., MuellerC., UreT., FletcherW.S.Inhibition of angiogenesis by somatostatin and somatostatin-like compounds is structurally dependent.J Surg Res1993; 55: 446–50.
29.
JakobW., JentzschK.D., ManersbergerB., HeiderG.The chick chorioallantoic membrane as bioassay for angiogenesis factors: reactions induced by carrier materials.Exp Pathol1978; 15: 241–9.
30.
Spanel-BurowskiK., SchnapperU., HeymerB.The chick chorioallantoic membrane assay in the assessment of angiogenic factors.Biomed Res1988; 9: 253–60.
31.
TaylorC.M., WeissC.B.The chick vitelline membrane as a new test system for angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis.Int J Microcirc Clin Exp1984; 3: 337.
32.
RibattiD.A morphometric study of the expansion of the chick area vasculosa in shell-less culture.J Anat1995; 186: 639–44.
33.
ThompsonW.D., CampbellR., EvansT.Fibrin degradation response in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.J Pathol1985; 145: 27–37.
GimbroneM.A.Jr., CotranR.S., LeapmanS.B., FolkmanJ.Tumor growth and neovascularization: an experimental model using the rabbit cornea.J Natl Cancer Inst1974; 52: 413–27.
37.
MuthkkaruppanV., AuerbachR.Angiogenesis in the mouse cornea.Science1979; 206: 1416–8.
38.
VoestE., KenyonB., O'ReillyM., TruittG., D'AmatoR., FolkmanJ.Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12.J Natl Cancer Inst1995; 87: 581–6.
39.
ZicheM., AlessandriG., GullinoP.M.Gangliosides promote the angiogenic response.Lab Invest1989; 61: 629–34.
40.
ChenC., ParangiS., TolentinoM.J., FolkmanJ.A strategy to discover circulating angiogenesis inhibitors generated by human tumors.Cancer Res1995; 55: 4230–3.
41.
ZicheM., MaglioneD., RibattiD.Placental growth factor-1 (PlGF-1) is chemotactic, mitogenic and angiogenic.Lab Invest1997; 76: 517–31.
42.
ProiaA.D., ChandlerM.B., HaynesW.L.Quantitation of corneal neovascularization using computerized image analysis.Lab Invest1988; 58: 473–9.
43.
CultonM., ChandlerD.B., ProiaA.D., HickingbothamD., KlintworthG.K.The effect of oxygen on corneal neovascularization.Invest Ophthal Vis Sci1990; 31: 1277–81.
44.
ConradT.J., ChandlerD.B., CorlessJ.M., KlintworthG.K.In vivo measurement of corneal angiogenesis with video data acquisition and computerized image analysis.Lab Invest1994; 70: 426–34.
45.
NelsonM.J., ConletP.K., FajardoL.F.Application of the disc angiogenesis system to tumor-induced neovascularization.Exp Mol Pathol1993; 58: 105–13.
46.
KubotaY., KleinmanH.K., MartinG.R., LawleyT.J.The role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures.J Cell Biol1988; 107: 1589–98.
