We investigated the role of tumor markers CEA, NSE, TPS and CYFRA 21.1 in lung cancer diagnosis and staging in 169 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer (43 SCLC and 126 NSCLC). In SCLC patients NSE and CYFRA 21.1 showed the highest senstitivity and their combination improve significantly the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. In NSCLC patients CYFRA 21.1 showed the highest sensitivity and global accuracy and no markers association was as effective as CYFRA 21.1 alone. Based on data from our study it can be concluded that in patients with suspected lung cancer the serum NSE and CYFRA 21.1 assay is a suitable association to confirm the clinical hypothesis. NSE in SCLC and CYFRA 21.1 in NSCLC are useful in the evaluation of disease extent and successive treatment planning.
Trends in lung cancer incidence and mortality-United States 1980-1987.JAMA1991; 265: 448–9.
2.
WaynantsP., HumblerY., CanonJ.L.Biology of small cell lung cancer: an overview.Eur Resp J1990; 3: 699–714.
3.
MountainC.F.A new international staging system for lung cancer.Chest1986; 4(suppl): 225–33.
4.
JohnsonD.H., MarangosP.J., ForbesT.J.Potential utility of serum neuron-specific enolase levels in small cell carcinoma of the lung.Cancer Res1984; 44: 5409–14.
5.
LombardiC., TassiG.F., PizzocoloG.Clinical significance of a multiple biomarkers assay in patients with lung cancer.Chest1990; 97: 639–43.
6.
VincentR.G., ChuT.U.Carcino-embryonic antigen in patients with carcinoma of the lung.J Thorax Cardiovasc Surg1973; 66: 320–8.
BuccheriG.F., FerrignoD., SartorisA.M.Tumor markers in bronchogenic carcinoma.Cancer1987; 60: 42–50.
9.
KrischkeW., NiederleN., SchutteJ.Serial serum determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC): is there any clinical relevance?Verth Dtsch Krebs Ges, Stuttgart: G Fisher, 1984; 367–70.
10.
TapiaP.J., BarbosaA.J.A., MarangosP.J.Neuron-specific enolase is produced by neuroendocrine tumors.Lancet1981; i: 808–11.
11.
CooperE.H., SplinterT.A., BrownD.A.Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase in small cell lung cancer.Br J Cancer1985; 52: 333–8.
12.
HardingM., McAllisterJ., HulksG.Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in small cell lung cancer: a tumor marker of prognostic significance.Br J Cancer1990; 61: 605–7.
13.
GronowitzJ.S., BergströmR., NouE.Clinical and serological markers of stage and prognosis in small cell lung cancer.Cancer1990; 66: 722–32.
14.
SpinazziA., SoresiE., BorghiniU.Clinical value of neuron specific enolase and tissue polypeptidic antigen for the management of patients with lung cancer.J Nucl Med Allied Sci1990; 34: 141–5.
15.
OsbornM., WeberK.Intermediate filaments: cell type specific markers in differentiation and pathology.Cell1982; 31: 303–6.
16.
WeberK., OsbornM., MollR.Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) is related to non-epidermal keratins 8, 18 and 19 typical of simple and non-squamous epithelia: re-evaluation of a human tumor marker.EMBO J1984; 5: 122–6.
17.
BjörklundB.Tumor markers TPA, TPA-S and cytokeratins.Tumor Diagn Ther1992; 13: 78–80.
18.
MollR., FrankeW.W., ShillerD.L.The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells.Cell1982; 3: 111–24.
19.
OehrP., LoosQ., LiuJ.Evaluation of NSE in comparison to CEA, TPS, TPA and SCC in patients with cancer of the lung. In: KlapdorW. ed. Tumor associated antigens, oncogens, receptors, cytokines in tumor diagnosis and therapy at the beginning of the 90s.Munchen, Bern, Wien, San Francisco: Zuckschwerdt Verlag1992.
20.
BombardieriE., BogniA., SeregniE.Serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra 21.1) as a marker for lung cancer.J Nucl Biol Med1994; 38: 151–2.
21.
PujolJ.L., GrenierJ., Dan AoutaM.Les markers seriques des cancers bronchiques.Medecine et Hygiene1992; 50: 362–6.
22.
PujolJ.L., GrenierJ., DauresJ.P.Serum fragments of cytokeratin 19 measured by Cyfra 21.1 immunoradiometric assay as a marker of lung cancer.Cancer Res1993; 53: 1–6.
