Gonorrhea

Leone PA . Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. April 2013. Available: www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection?source=see_link#H4 (accessed Nov. 8, 2013).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61(31):590-4.

Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. 2013 Update. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/cgsti-ldcits/section-5-6-eng.php (accessed Jan. 29, 2015).

World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen for which there are increasing antimicrobial resistance concerns: Neisseria gonorrhea. Available: www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/drugresist/IIAMRmanual.pdf (accessed Nov. 8, 2013).

Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. July 2013. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/cgsti-ldcits/section-5-6-eng.php#footnote-t1 (accessed Dec. 3, 2013).

MacDonald NE Stanbrook MB Flegel K . Gonorrhea: what goes around comes around. CMAJ 2011;183:1567.

Kondro W . Untreatable gonorrhea rampant. CMAJ 2012;184:E591.

Ison CA . Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections in the developed world: implications for rational treatment. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25:73-8.

Public Health Agency of Canada. Executive summary—report on sexually transmitted infections in Canada: 2009. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/sti-its-surv-epi/sum-som-eng.php (accessed Nov. 11, 2013).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2010. Available: www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/gonorrhea.htm (accessed Nov. 8, 2013).

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Guidelines for testing and treatment of gonorrhea in Ontario. Toronto (ON): Queen’s Printer for Ontario; 2013. Available: www.publichealthontario.ca/en/eRepository/Guidelines_Gonorrhea_Ontario_2013.pdf (accessed Oct. 25, 2013).

Swygard H Sena AC Cohen MS . Treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections. Available: www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-gonococcal-infections?detectedLanguage=en&source=search_result&search=gonorrhea+treatment&selectedTitle=1%7E150&provider=noProvider (accessed Nov. 9, 2013).

Alberta Health. Public Health notifiable disease management guidelines. July 2012. Available: www.health.alberta.ca/documents/Guidelines-Gonococcal-Infections-2012.pdf (accessed Oct. 25, 2013).

Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux Québec. Infection à Chlamydia trachomatis et infection à Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Available: www.inesss.qc.ca/fileadmin/doc/INESSS/Outils/Guides_ITSS/Guide_ITSS-Chlamydia_gonorrhoeae_majaout2013_.pdf (accessed Oct. 25, 2013).

BC Centre for Disease Control. Sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and adults 2014. Available: www.bccdc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/46AC4AC5-96CA-4063-A563-0BA9F4A0A6E9/0/CPS_BC_STI_Treatment_Guidelines_27082014.pdf (accessed Oct. 15, 2014).

Saskatchewan Ministry of Health. Guidelines for testing and treatment of gonorrhea in Saskatchewan, 2014. Available: www.health.gov.sk.ca/adx/aspx/adxGetMedia.aspx?DocID=fb8126c0-30ee-4a51-adfd-af986da1b106&MediaID=8614&Filename=FAQs-Gonorrhea-GuidelinesforTesting-Treatment.pdf&l=English (accessed Oct. 15, 2014).

Yukon Health and Social Services. Yukon treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents and adults 2010. Available: www.hss.gov.yk.ca/pdf/STI_TreatmentGuidelines2012_singles.pdf (accessed Oct. 25, 2013).

Manitoba Health. Public Health and Primary Health Care. Communicable disease management protocol—gonorrhea. January 2012. Available: www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/protocol/gonorrhea.pdf (accessed Oct. 25, 2013).

Bignell C FitzGerald M , for the Guideline Development Group. U.K. national guideline for the management of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS 2011;22:541-7. Available: www.bashh.org/documents/3920.pdf (accessed June 3, 2013).

Bignell C Unemo M . 2012 European guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS 2013;24:85-92.

Allen VG Mitterni L Seah C . Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failure and susceptibility to cefixime in Toronto, Canada. JAMA 2013;309:163-70.

Martin I Jayaraman G Wong T . Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Canada: 2000-2009. Sex Transm Dis 2011;38:892-8.

Martin I Sawatzky P Allen V . Emergence and characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Canada: 2001-2010. Sex Transm Dis 2012;39:316-23.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project. Available: www.cdc.gov/std/gisp/default.htm (accessed March 24, 2014).

Gratrix J Bergman J Egan C . Retrospective review of pharyngeal gonorrhea treatment failures in Alberta, Canada. Sex Transm Dis 2013;40:877-9.

Ohnishi M Saika T Hoshina S . Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17:148-9.

Unemo M Golparian D Hestner A . Ceftriaxone treatment failure of pharyngeal gonorrhea verified by international recommendations, Sweden, July 10, 2010. Euro Surveill 2011;16:19792.

Unemo M Golparian D Syversen G . Two cases of verified clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime for gonorrhoea treatment, Norway, 2010. Euro Surveill 2010;15:19721.

Ison CA Hussey J Sankar KN . Gonorrhoea treatment failures to cefixime and azithromycin in England. Euro Surveill 2011;16:19833.

Unemo M Golparian D Stary A . First Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with resistance to cefixime causing gonorrhoea treatment failure in Austria, 2011. Euro Surveill 2011;16:19998.

Portilla I Lutz B Montalvo M . Oral cefixime versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with uncomplicated gonococcal infections. Sex Transm Dis 1992;19:94-8.

Handsfield HH McCormack W Hook EW . A comparison of single-dose cefixime with ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1337-41.