HylandMOfner-AgostiniMMillerM. N-CDAD in Canada: results of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Can J Infect Dis Med Micro2001; 12:81–8
2.
AlfaMJDuTBedaG. Survey of incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in Canadian hospital and diagnostic approaches. J Clin Microbiol1998; 36 (7): 2076–80
BatesCJWilcoxMHSpencerRC. Ciprofloxacin and Clostridium difficile infection. Lancet1990; 336: 1193
5.
BauwensJEMcFarlandLVMelcherSA. Recurrent Clostridium difficile disease following ciprofloxacin use. Ann Pharmacother1997; 31: 1090
6.
GolledgeCLCarsonCFO'NeillGL. Ciprofloxacin and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Antimicrob Chemother1992; 30:141–7
7.
McCuskerMEHarrisADPerencevichE. Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Emerg Infect Dis2003; 9:730–3
8.
OhHEdlundC. Mechanism of quinolone resistance in anaerobic bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect2003; 9:512–7
9.
HawkeyPM. Mechanism of quinolone action and microbial response. J Antimicrob Chemoth2003; 51Suppl 1: 29–35
10.
JacobyGA. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Clin Infect Dis2005; 41 (Suppl 2): S120–S126
11.
Martinez-MartinezLPascualAJacobyGA. Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid. Lancet1998; 351:797–9
12.
DridiLTankovicJBurghofferB. Gyra and gyrB mutations are implicated in cross-resistance to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother2002; 46:3418–21
13.
PepinJSahebNCoulombeMA. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis2005; 41:1254–60
14.
GaynesRRimlandDKillumE. Outbreak of C. difficile infections in a long-term nursing facility: association with gatifloxacin use. Clin Infect Dis2004; 38:640–5
15.
MutoCAPokrywkaMShuttK. A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2005; 26:273–80
16.
DendukuriNCostaVMcGregorM. Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile—associated diarrhea: a systematic review. CMAJ2005; 173 (2):-167–70
17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk — four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2005; 54 (47): 1201–5
18.
DialSDelaneyJACBarkunAN. Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile—associated disease. JAMA2005; 294: 2989–95