van MourikJA, LawrenceDA, LoskutoffDJ. Purification of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (antiactivator) synthesized by endothelial cells. J Biol Chem1984;259:14914–21.
6.
PannekoekH, VeermanH, LambersH,. Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI): a new member of the Serpin gene family. EMBO J1986;5:2539–44.
7.
AertgeertsK, De BondtHL, De RanterC, DeclerckPJ. A model of the reactive form of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Struct Biol1994;113:239–45.
8.
KruithofEK, Tran-ThangC, RansijnA, BachmannF. Demonstration of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators in human plasma. Blood1984; 64:907–13.
9.
DeclerckPJ, De MolM, AlessiMC. Purification and characterization of a plasminogen activator inhibitor. J Cell Biochem1986;32:273–80.
10.
LoskutoffDJ, NyT, SawdeyM, LawrenceD. Fibrinolytic system of cultured endothelial cells: regulation by plasminogen activator inhibitor. J Cell Biochem1986; 32:273–80.
11.
SamadF, YamamotoK, LoskutoffDJ. Distribution and regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in murine adipose tissue in vivo. Induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide. J Clin Invest1996;97:37–46.
12.
ChomikiN, HenryM, AlessiMC, AnfossoF, Juhan-VagueI. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human liver and healthy or atherosclerotic vessel walls. Thromb Haemost1994;72:44–53.
13.
DeclerckPJ, AlessiMC, VerstrekenM, KruithofEK, JuhanVagueI, ColleenD. Measurement of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in biologic fluids with a murine monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood1988;71:220–5.
14.
VaughanDE, RouleauJ-L, RidkerPM, ArnoldJMO, MenapaceFJ, PfefferMA. Effects of ramipril on plasma fibrinolytic balance in patients with acute anterior myocardial infaction. Circulation1997;96:442–7.
15.
VaughanDE, DeclerckPJ, Van HoutteE., De MolM, CollenD. Studies of recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in rabbitsCirc Res1990; 67: 1281–6.
16.
OrthK, MadisonEL, GethingMJ, SambrookJF, HerzJ. Complexes of tissue-type plasinogen activator and its serpin inhibitor plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 are internalized by means of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.alpha 2-macroglobin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1992;89:7422–6.
17.
SeiffertD, WagnerNN, LoskutoffDJ. Serum-derived vitronectin influences the pericellular distribution of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. J Cell Biol1990:111:1283–91.
18.
KeijerJ, EhrlichHJ, LindersM, PreissnerKT, PannekoekH. Vitronectin governs the interaction between plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem1991;266:10700–7.
19.
EmeisJJ, KooistraT. Interleukin 1 and lipopolysaccharide induce an inhibitor or tissue-type plasminogen activator in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. J Exp Med1986;163:1260–6.
20.
SawdeyM, PodorTJ, LoskutoffDJ. Regulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Induction by transforming growth factor-beta, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Biol Chem1989;264:10396–401.
21.
DichekD, QuertermousT. Thrombin regulation of mRNA levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Blood1989;74:222–8.
22.
AlessiMC, Juhan-VagueI, KooistraT, DeclerckPJ, CollenD. Insulin stimulates the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor by the juman hepatocellular cell line Hep G2. Thromb Haemost1988;60:491–4.
23.
VaughanDE, LazosSA, TongK. Angiotensin II regulates the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in cultured endothelial cells. A potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and thrombosis. J Clin Invest1995;95:995–1001.
24.
FeenerEP, NorthrupJM, AielloLP, KingGL. Angiotension II induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 expression in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest1995;95:1353–62.
25.
StrandbergL, LawrenceD, NyT. The organization of the human-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene. Implications on the evolution of the serine-protease inhibitor family. Eur J Biochem1988;176:609–16.
26.
KeetonMR, CurridenSA, van ZonneveldAJ, LoskutoffDJ. Identification of regulatory sequences in hte type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene responsive to transforming growth factor beta. J Biol Chem1991;266:23048–52.
27.
ErikssonP, NilssonL, KarpeF, HamstenA. Very-low density lipoprotein response element in the promoter region of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene implicated in the impaired fibrinolysis of hypertriglyceridemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1998;18:20–6.
28.
ChenYQ, SuM, WaliaRR, HaoQ, CovingtonJW, VaughanDE. Sp1 sites mediate activation of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 promoter by glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem1998;273:8225–31.
29.
ErikssonP, KallinB, van't HooftFM, BavenholmP, HamstenA. Allele-specific increase in basal transcription of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 gene is associated with myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1995;92:1851–5.
30.
DawsonS, HamstenA, WimanB, HenneyA, HumphriesS. Genetic variation at the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 locus is associated with altered levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Arterioscler Thromb1991;11:183–90.
31.
AngletonP, ChandlerWL, SchmerG. Diurnal varaiation of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its rapid inhibitor (PAI-1). Circulation1989;79:101–6.
32.
AndreottiF, KluftC. Circadian variation of fibrinolytic activity in blood. Chronobiol Int1991;8:336–51.
33.
AndreottiF, DaviesGJ, HackettDR,. Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death stroke. Am J Cardiol1988;62:635–7.
34.
MullerJE, ToflerGH, StonePH. Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease (see comments). Circulation1989:79:733–43.
35.
KurnikP. Circadian variation in the efficacy of tissue-type plasminogen activator. Circulation1995;91:1341–6.
36.
Juhan-VagueI, ValadierJ, AlessiMC. Deficient t-PA release and elevated PA inhibitor levels in patients with spontaneous or recurrent deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost1987;57:67–72.
37.
HamstenA, WimanB, de FaireU, BlombackM. Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med1985;313:1557–63.
38.
HamstenA, de FaireU, WalldiusG,. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet1987;2:3–9.
39.
MeadeTW, RuddockV, StirlingY, ChakrabartiR, MillerGJ, Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors, and long-term incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Lancet1993;342:1075–8.
40.
RidkerPM, VaughanDE, StampferMJ, MansonJE, HennekenschDE. Endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and risk of myocaridal infarctionLancet1993;341:1165–8.
41.
RidkerPM, HennekensCH, StampferMJ, MansonJE, VaughanDE. Prosepective study of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator and risk or stoke (see comments). Lancet1994;343:940–3.
42.
SchneidermanJ, SawdeyMS, KeetonMR,. Increased type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in atherosclerotic human arteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1992;89:6998–7002.
43.
RaghunathPN, TomaszewskiJE, BradyST, CaronRJ, OkadaSS, BarnathanES. Plasminogen activator system in human coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1995;15:1432–43.
44.
LupuF, HeimDA, BachmannF, HurniM, KakkarVV, KruithofEK. Plasminogen activator expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. Arterisclerosis, Thromb Vasc Biol1995;15:1444–55.
45.
RobbieLA, BoothNA, BrownAJ, BennettB. Inhibitors of fibrinolysis are elevated in atherosclertoci plaque. Arteriscler Thromb Vasc Biol1996;16:539–45.
LyonsRM, GentryLE, PurchioAF, MosesHL. Mechanism of activation of latent recombinant transforming growth factor beta 1 by plasmin. J Cell Biol1990;110:1361–7.
48.
StefanssonS, LawrenceDA. The serpin PAI-1 inhibits cell migration by blocking integrin alpha, beta, binding to vitronectin (see comments). Nature1996;383:441–3.
49.
XiaoQ, DantonMJ, WitteDP. Plasminogen deficiency accelerates vessel wall disease in mice predisposed to atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1997;94:10335–40.
50.
AldermanMH, MadhavanS, OoiWL, CohenH, SealeyJE, LaraghJH. Association of the renin-sodium profile with the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med1991;324:1098–104.
51.
ChobanianAV, HaudenschildCC, NickersonC, HopeS. Trandolapril inhibits atherosclerosis in the Watanbe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypertension1992;20:473–7.
52.
AbergG, FerrerP. Effects of captopril on atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol1990;15:S65–72.
53.
PfefferMA, BraunwaldE, MoyeLA,. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infaction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med1992;327:669–77.
54.
YusufS, PepineCJ, GarcesC,. Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions. Lancet1992;340:1173–8.
55.
van LeeuwenRT, KolA, AndreottiF, KluftC, MaseriA, SpertiG. Angiotensin II increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator messenger RNA in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circulation1994;90:362–8.
56.
KerinsDM, HaoQ, VaughanDE. Angiotensin induction of PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells is mediated by the hexapeptide angiotensin IV. Journal of Clinical Investigation1995; 96:2515–20.
57.
OikawaT, FreemanM, LoW, VaughanDE, FogoA. Modulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vivo: a new mechanism for the anti-fibrotic effect of renin-angiotensin inhibition. Kidney Int1997;51:164–72.
58.
YamashitaM, DarlingtonDN, WeeksEJ, JonesRO, GannDS. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 rises after hemorrhage in rats. Am J Physiol1995;268:E1065–9.
59.
HamdanAD, QuistWC, GagneJB, FeenerEP. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition suppresses plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in the neointima of balloon-injured rat aorta. Circulation1996; 93:1073–8
60.
PedersenOD, GramJ, BaggerH, KellerN, JespersenCT. Regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator mediated fibrinolysis by plasminogen activator mediated fibrinolysis by plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in patients with ischemic heart disease: possible unfavorable effects of diuretics. Coron Artery Dis1994;5:617–23.
61.
VaughanDE, RouleauJL, PfefferMA. Role of the fibrinolytic system in preventing myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J1995;16:31–6.
62.
BrownNJ, VaughanDE. ACE inhibition decreases PAI-1 in the setting of an activated RAS. Hypertension1997;30:514.
63.
WrightRA, FlapanAD, AlbertiKG, LudlamCA, FoxKA. Effects of captopril therapy on endogenous fibrinolysis in men with recent, uncomplicated myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol1994;24:67–73.
64.
JanssonJH, BomanK, NilssonTK. Enalapril related changes in the fibrinolytic system in survivors of myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol1993;44:485–8.
65.
SoejimaH, OgawaH, YasueH, SuefujiH, KaitaK, NishiyamaK. Effects of imidapril therapy on endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol1997;20:441–5
66.
SchwartzCJ, ValenteAJ, SpragueEA, KelleyJL, CayatteAJ, RozekMM. Pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. Implications for diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care1992; 15:1156–67.
67.
BiermanEL. George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Atherogenesis in diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb1992;12:647–56.
68.
BaynesJW. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes1991; 40:405–12.
69.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med1993;329:977–86.
70.
HamstenAE, Per. Fibrinolysis and Atherosclerosis. Bailliere's Clin Haemotol1995;8:345–63.
71.
SobelBE, Woodcock-MitchellJ, SchneiderDJ, HoltRE, MarutsukaK, GoldH. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in coronary artery atherectomy specimens from type 2 diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. Circulation1998;97:2213–21.
72.
Juhan-VagueI, AlessiMC, VagueP. Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor I levels. A possible link between insulin resistance and atherothrombosis. Diabetologia1991;34:457–62.
73.
Juhan-VagueI, AlessiMC. PAI-1, obesity, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular events. Thromb Haemost1997;78:656–60.
74.
Juhan-VagueI, PykeSD, AlessiMC, JespersenJ, HaverkateF, ThompsonSG. Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. ECAT Study Group. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities (see comments). Circulation1996:94:2057–63.
75.
McGillJB, SchneiderDJ, ArfkenCL, LucoreCL, SobelBE. Factors responsible for impaired fibrinolysis in obese subjects and NIDDM patients. Diabetes1994:43:104–9.
76.
NordtTK, SchneiderDJ, SobelBE. Augmentation of the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 by precursors of insulin. A potential risk factor for vascular disease. Circulation1994;89:321–30.
77.
SironiL, MussoniL, PratiL,. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 synthesis and mRNA expression in HepG2 cells are regulated by VLDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1996;16:89–96.
78.
NordtTK, KlassenKJ, SchneiderDJ, SobelBE. Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in arterial endothelial cells by glucose and its implications for local fibrinolysis. Arterioscler Thromb1993;13:1822–8.
79.
GebaraOC, MittlemanMA, SutherlandP,. Association between increased estrogen status and increased fibrinolytic potential in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation1995;91:1952–8.
80.
ScarabinPY, Alhenc-GelasM, Plu-BureauG, TaisneP, AgherR, AiachM. Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regiments on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biology1997;17:3071–8.
81.
KohKK, MincemoyerR, BuiMN,. Effects of hormone-replacement therapy on fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med1997;336:683–90.
82.
KeytBA, PaoniNF, RefinoCJ,. A faster-acting and more potent form of tissue plasminogen activator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1994;91:3670–4.
83.
BiemondBJ, LeviM, CoronelR, JanseMJ, ten CateJW, PannekoekH. Thrombolysis and reocclusion in experimental jugular vein and coronary artery thrombosis. Effects of a plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Circulation1995;91:1175–81.
84.
EitzmanDT, FayWP, LawrenceDA,. Peptide-mediated inactivation of recombinant and platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vitro. J Clin Invest1995;95:2416–20.
85.
SawaH, SobelBE, FujiiS. Inhibition of type-1 plasminogen.
