Recanalization of occluded right innominate vein in presence of a persistent LeVeen shunt: A vascular access rescue case

Abstract

Background

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCs) is a common complication in hemodialysis patients due to central vein occlusions, often caused by prior catheterizations. Management can be challenging.

Objective

To describe a successful endovascular approach to managing SVCs caused by right innominate vein (RIV) occlusion in a hemodialysis patient with a non-functional LeVeen shunt.

Method

An 80-year-old dialysis patient with upper limb edema and vascular access dysfunction was diagnosed with complete RIV occlusion around a long-standing LeVeen shunt. Recanalization was achieved via a percutaneous approach, including angioplasty and placement of a balloon-expandable covered stent, leaving the LeVeen shunt in situ to reduce risks.

Results

The procedure restored venous patency and improved vascular access functionality. Postoperative imaging confirmed excellent stent positioning and reduced venous congestion. At a 6-month follow-up, central vein patency was maintained.

Conclusion

Endovascular recanalization is a safe and effective strategy for managing SVCs, even with a retained central venous device. This approach preserved vascular access and ensured successful long-term dialysis, offering insights for treating complex venous occlusions.