Negative markers precede the element they negate in the majority of Chinese dialects, including Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM). In the Xīníng dialect of Qīnghǎi Province, in addition to negative structures similar to MSM, the negative markers pv̩21iɔ13 不要, pv̩21Sɿ13 不是, and mɔ21iɯ13 沒有 occur at the end of the sentence, negating constituents that occur earlier in the sentence. Moreover, Xīníng negatives have very little freedom of movement; they must come directly beside the predicate nucleus. Xīníng negatives cannot change position and thereby expand the scope and focus of negation as they do in MSM. These word order features are consistent with those of the SOV languages spoken in the same region, suggesting their development in Xīníng is due to language contact.
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