The landmark at the opposite end of an occluded segment can be used for probing the occluded subclavian artery to be recanalized. Using this technique in three patients with symptomatic subclavian artery occlusion, we found the landmark-wire technique to be safe and effective for reopening completely occluded subclavian arteries. We also introduced a technique in which a protective device can be safely used throughout the stenting procedure.
HenryMHenryI: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian arteries. Int Angiol26: 324–340, 2007.
2.
ShahNNeeLMRavalAN: Percutaneous revascularization of subclavian artery chronic occlusion with dual cerebral artery protection. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv71: 992–994, 2008.
3.
SixtSRastanA: Results after balloon angioplasty or stenting of atherosclerotic subclavian artery obstruction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv73: 395–403, 2009.
4.
CinarBEncY: Carotid-subclavian bypass in occlusive disease of subclavian artery: More important today than before. Tohoku J Exp Med204: 53–62, 2004.
5.
TaylorDWBarnettHJ: Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: A randomised controlled trial. Asa and carotid endarterectomy (ace) trial collaborators. Lancet353: 2179–2184, 1999.
6.
SuhDCKimJK: Intracranial stenting of severe symptomatic intracranial stenosis: Results of 100 consecutive patients. Am J Neuroradiol29: 781–785, 2008.
7.
SuhDCKimJK: Prognostic factors for neurologic outcome after endovascular revascularization of acute symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Am J Neuroradiol28:1167–1171, 2007.
8.
PyunHWSuhDC: Concomitant multiple revascularizations in supra-aortic arteries: Short-term results in 50 patients. Am J Neuroradiol28:1895–1901, 2007.
9.
SchillingerMHaumerM: Outcome of conservative versus interventional treatment of subclavian artery stenosis. J Endovasc Ther9:139–146, 2002.
10.
DomenigCMLinniK: Subclavian to carotid artery transposition: Medial versus lateral approach. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg35: 551–557, 2008.
11.
SchillingerMHaumerM: Risk stratification for subclavian artery angioplasty: Is there an increased rate of restenosis after stent implantation?J Endovasc Ther8: 550–557, 2001.
12.
LinniKUgurluogluA: Endovascular management versus surgery for proximal subclavian artery lesions. Ann Vasc Surg22: 769–775, 2008.
13.
SadatoASatowT: Endovascular recanalization of subclavian artery occlusions. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)44: 447–453, discussion 454–445, 2004.
14.
SaitoS: Different strategies of retrograde approach in coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv71: 8–19, 2008.
15.
ZaytsevAYStoydaAY: Endovascular treatment of supra-aortic extracranial stenoses in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol29: 731–738, 2006.
16.
RingelsteinEBZeumerH: Delayed reversal of vertebral artery blood flow following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian steal syndrome. Neuroradiology26: 189–198, 1984.
17.
De VriesJPJagerLC: Durability of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for obstructive lesions of proximal subclavian artery: Long-term results. J Vasc Surg41:19–23, 2005.
18.
GonzalezAGil-PeraltaA: Angioplasty and stenting for total symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the subclavian or innominate arteries. Cerebrovasc Dis13:107–113, 2002.
