Technical complications during embolization of craniospinal lesions using NBCA may be classified as nonspecific catheterization-related or specific embolization-related. Catheterization-related complications include vessel injuries such as spasm, dissection or perforation, catheter injuries and thrombus formation. Embolization-related complications include occlusion of normal territories, migration of the embolic material to the venous side, and catheter gluing to the vessel wall. Causes, prevention and management of each complication are discussed with presentation of demonstrative cases.
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