The arterial and venous anatomy of the spinal cord was described in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic contribution to the cord substance. Based upon anatomical location of an arteriovenous shunt, spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were classified into intramedullary AVM, perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and dural AVF. This simple classification seems practical from the standpoint of endovascular and surgical treatments since it reflects anatomical differences in the shunt location, which is the target in either approach.
RosenblumBOldfieldEH: Spinal arteriovenous malformations: A comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVM's in 81 patients. J Neurosurg67: 795–802, 1987.
11.
LasjauniasPBerensteinA: Surgical neuroangiography 5: Endovascular treatment of spine and spinal cord lesions. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg1992.
12.
McCutcheonIEDoppmanJL: Microvascular anatomy of dural arteriovenous abnormalities of the spine: A microangiographic study. J Neurosurg84: 215–220, 1996.
13.
CahanLDHigashidaRT: Variants of radiculomeningeal vascular malformations of the spine. J Neurosurg66: 333–337, 1987.
