Factors Influencing Vitamin A Intake and Programmes to Improve Vitamin A Status

Booth SL ., Johns T. , Kuhnlein H.V. Natural food sources of vitamin A and provitamin A. Food Nutr Bull 1992; 14(1): 6–19.

de Garine I. Food and traditional medicine among the Yassa of southern Cameroon. In: Hladik CM ., Bahuchet S. , de Garine I. , eds. Food and nutrition in the African rain forest. Paris: Unesco/MAB. 1990.

Campbell B.M. The use of wild fruits in Zimbabwe. Econ Botany 1987; 41(3): 375–85.

Folch-Sierra M. Communicating food images: women's consumption patterns and attitudes in a Mexican village. MSc thesis. Montreal, Que, Canada: McGill University, 1986.

David F.P. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the social marketing program for the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency in region VI (Western Visayas). A final report submitted to the Department of Health, Region VI. Iloilo City. Iloilo City, Philippines: Social Science Research Institute, 1990.

Dettwyler K.A. Styles of infant feeding: parental/caretaker control of food consumption in young children. Am Anthropol 1989; 91: 696–703.

Rizvi N. Food beliefs, food use and vitamin A deficiency in children of rural Tangail, Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Helen Keller International, 1988.

Sethi A. Social marketing of vitamin A: evaluation of project to promote consumption of vitamin A rich foods & supplements in Western Sumatra—a preliminary report. Jakarta, Indonesia: Helen Keller International, 1989.

Perisse J. , Polacchi W. Geographical distribution and recent changes in world supply of vitamin A. Food Nutr 1980; 6(1): 21–27.

Fleuret A. The role of wild foliage plants in the diet: a case study from Lushoto, Tanzania. Ecol Food Nutr 1979; 8: 87–93.

May J.M. , McLellan D.L. The ecology of malnutrition in eastern Africa and four countries of West Africa. Vol. 9 of: Studies in medical geography. New York: Hafner, 1970.

Newman J.L. Dimensions of Sandawe diet. In: Robson J.R.K. , ed. Food, ecology and culture. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. 1980: 27–33.

Malaisse F. Parent G. Edible wild vegetable products in the Zambezian woodland area: a nutritional and ecological approach. Ecol Food Nutr 1985; 18: 43–82.

Dei G.J.S. The dietary habits of a Ghanaian farming community. Ecol Food Nutr 1991; 25: 29–49.

Grivetti L.E. Kalahari agro-pastoral-hunter-gatherers: the Tswana example. Ecol Food Nutr 1979; 7: 235–56.

Pagezy H. Coping with uncertainty in food supply among the Oto and the Twa living in the equatorial flooded forest near Lake Tumba, Zaire. In: de Garine I. , Harrison G.A. , eds. Coping with uncertainty in food supply. Oxford. UK: Clarendon Press. 1988: 175–209.

Zinyama L.M. , Matiza T. , Cambell D.J. The use of wild foods during periods of food shortage in rural Zimbabwe. Ecol Food Nutr 1990; 24: 251–65.

Johns T. , Kokwaro J.O. Food plants of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya. Econ Botany 1991, 45: 103–13.

Laderman C. Wives and midwives: childbirth and nutrition in rural Malaysia. Berkeley, Calif, USA: University of California Press, 1983.

Wolff R.J. Meanings of food. Trop Geogr Med 1965; 1: 45–51.

Gopaldas T. , Gupta A. , Saxena K. The phenomenon of Sanskritization in a forest-dwelling tribe of Gurarat, India: nutrient intake and practices in the special groups. Ecol Food Nutr 1983; 13: 1–8.

Pereira SM ., Begum A. Vitamin A deficiency in Indian children. World Rev Nutr Diet 1976; 24: 192–216.

Cerqueira MT ., McMurry Fry M. , Connor W.E. The food and nutrient intakes of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 905–15.

Messer E. Patterns of “wild” plant consumption in Oaxaca, Mexico. Ecol Food Nutr 1972; 1: 325–32.

Altieri M.A. , Trujillo J. The agroecology of corn production in Tlaxcala, Mexico. Humn Ecol 1987; 15: 189–220.

Kuhnlein H.V. , Turner N.J. Traditional plant foods of Canadian indigenous peoples: nutrition, botany and use. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Gordon and Breach Publishers (in press).

Dettwyler K.A. , Fishman C. Field research in Macina for vitamin A communications: March 5–22, 1990. Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development, 1990.

Hull V.J. Dietary taboos in Java: myths, mysteries, and methodology. In: Manderson L. , ed. Shared wealth and symbol: food, culture, and society in Oceania and Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986: 237–58.

Freedman M.R. , Grivetti L.E. Diet patterns of first, second and third generation Greek-American women. Ecol Food Nutr 1984; 14: 185–204.

Kahn M. Always hungry, never greedy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Ebomoyi E. Nutritional beliefs among rural Nigerian mothers. Ecol Food Nutr 1988; 22: 43–52.

Villard L. , Bates C.J. Dietary intake of vitamin A precursors by rural Gambian pregnant and lactating women. Humn Nutr Appl Nutr 1987; 41A: 135–45.

Kuhnlein H.V. , Calloway D.H. Contemporary Hopi food intake patterns. Ecol Food Nutr 1977; 6: 159–73.

Rao H.D. , Balasubramanian S.C. Socio-cultural aspects of infant feeding practices in a Telengana village. Trop Geogr Med 1966; 18; 353–60.

Schonfeld-Leber B. Marine algae as human food in Hawaii, with notes on other Polynesian islands. Ecol Food Nutr 1979; 8: 47–59.

Etkin N.L. Multidisciplinary perspectives in the interpretation of plants used in indigenous medicine and diet. In: Etkin N.L. , ed. Plants in indigenous medicine and diet. Bedford Hills, NY, USA: Redgrave. 1986: 2–29.

Molony C.H. Systematic valence coding of Mexican “hot”-“cold” food. Ecol Food Nutr 1975; 4: 67–74.

Snow L.F. , Johnson S.M. Folklore. food, female reproductive cycle. Ecol Food Nutr 1978; 7: 41–49.

Cosminsky S. Changing food and medical beliefs and practices in a Guatemalan community. Ecol Food Nutr 1975; 4: 183–91.

Koo L.C. The use of food to treat and prevent disease in Chinese culture. Soc Sci Med 1984; 18: 757–66.

Manderson L. Traditional food classifications and humoral medical theory in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecol Food Nutr 1981; 11: 81–93.

Schlegel S.A. , Guthrie H.A. Diet and the Tiruray shift from swidden to plow farming. In: Robson J.R.K. ed. Food, ecology and culture. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1980: 9–19.

Bailey K.Y. , Whiteman J. Dietary studies in the Chimbu (New Guinea highlands). Trop Geog Med 1963; 13: 377–88.

Mazess R.B. , Baker P.T. Diet of Quechua Indians living at high altitude: Nunoa, Peru. Am J Clin Nutr 1964; 15: 341–51.

Alcorn J.B. Haustec noncrop resource management: implications for prehistoric rain forest management. Humn Ecol 1981; 9: 395–417.

Casimir M.J. Nutrition and socio-economic strategies in mobile pastoral societies in the Middle East with special reference to West Afghan Pashtuns. In: de Garine I. , Harrison G.A. , eds. Coping with uncertainty in food supply. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1988: 33759.

Al-Ani M.R. Diet and dietary habits of nomads in Iraq. Ecol Food Nutr 1980; 9: 55–58.

Felger R.S. , Moser M.B. Seri Indian food plants: desert subsistence without agriculture. Ecol Food Nutr 1976; 5: 13–27.

Bates C. Vitamin A in pregnancy and lactation. Proc Nutr Sci 1983; 42: 65–79.

Shakir A. , Demarchi M. Dietary pattern of rural school children in the environment of Baghdad. Trop Geogr Med 1971; 23: 258–63.

Ziegler R.G. , Wilcox H.B. , Mason T.J. , Bill J.S. Virgo PW. Seasonal variation in intake of carotenoids and vegetables and fruits among white men in New Jersey. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 107–14.

Dei G.J.S. Hunting and gathering in a Ghanaian rain forest community. Ecol Food Nutr 1989; 22: 225–43.

DeSole G. , Belay Y. , Zegeye B. Vitamin A deficiency in southern Ethiopia. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 780–84.

Jyothi K.K. , Dhakakshayani R. , Swaminathan M.C. , Venkatachalam P.S. A study of the socio-economic. diet and nutritional status of a rural community near Hyderabad. Trop Geogr Med 1963; 15: 403–10.

Ogle B.M. , Grivetti L.E. Legacy of the chameleon: edible wild plants in the kingdom of Swaziland, southern Africa—a cultural. ecological, nutritional study. Part III. Cultural and ecological analysis. Ecol Food Nutr 1985; 17: 31–40.

Wilken G.C. The ecology of gathering in a Mexican farming region. Econ Botany 1969; 24: 286–95.

Kavishe F.P. Malnutrition in Tanzania: a situational analysis in 1990. Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 1990.

Rahmanifar A. , Bond J.T. Food consumption, iron intake and dietary patterns of urban pregnant women from different socioeconomic populations in central Iran. Ecol Food Nutr 1990; 24: 97–114.

Tarwotjo I. , Sommer A. , Soegiharto T. , Susanto D. , Muhilal . Dietary practices and xerophthalmia among Indonesian children. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 574–81.

Wilson C.S. Nutritionally beneficial cultural practices. World Rev Nutr Diet 1985; 45: 68–96.

Fleuret A. Dietary and therapeutic uses of fruit in three Taita communities. In: Etkin N.L. , ed. Plants in indigenous medicine and diet: biobehavioural approaches. Bedford Hills, NY, USA: Redgrave, 1986: 151–70.

Hart T.B. , Hart J.A. The ecological basis of hunter-gatherer subsistence in African rain forests: the Mbuti of eastern Zaire. Humn Ecol 1986; 14(1): 29–55.

Ogle B.M. , Grivetti L.E. Legacy of the chameleon: edible wild plants in the kingdom of Swaziland, southern Africa—a cultural, ecological, nutritional study. Part II. Demographics, species availability and dietary use: analysis by ecological zone. Ecol Food Nutr 1985; 17: 1–30.

Berlin E.A. , Markell E.K. An assessment of the nutritional and health status of an Agaruna Jivaro community, Amazonas, Peru. Ecol Food Nutr 1977; 6: 69–81.

Ferro-Luzzi G.E. Food avoidances at puberty and menstruation in Tamilnadu. Ecol Food Nutr 1973; 2: 165–72.

Odebiyi Al . Food proscriptions in traditional medicine. J Roy Soc Health 1987; 1: 34–35.

Ferro-Luzzi G.E. Food avoidances of pregnant women in Tamilnadu. Ecol Food Nutr 1973; 2: 259–66.

McKay D.A. Food, illness, and folk medicine: insights from Ulu Trengganu, West Malaysia. Ecol Food Nutr 1971; 1: 67–72.

M, Mayer-Varela R. , Gomes-Texeira S. , Simmons W.K. A study in the use of oral massive doses of vitamin A. Ecol Food Nutr 1974; 3: 293–98.

Block G. , Dresser C.M. , Hartman A.M. , Carroll M.D. Nutrient sources in the American diet: quantitative data from the NHANES II survey. Am J Epidem 1985; 122(1): 13–26.

Whiteman J. A study of beliefs and attitudes towards food in a New Guinea low-cost housing settlement. Trop Geogr Med 1966; 18: 157–66.

FAO. Traditional food plants: a resource book for promoting the exploitation and consumption of food plants in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid lands of eastern Africa. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper no. 42. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1988.

Sommer A. Nutritional blindness: xerophthalmia and keratomalacia. New York: Oxford University Press. 1982

Awdry P.N. , Cobb B. , Adams P.C.G. Blindness in the Luapula Valley. Cent Afr J Med 1967; 13(9): 197–201.

Oomen J.M.V. Xerophthalmia in northern Nigeria. Trop Geogr Med 1971; 23: 246–49.

Dick H.M. , Goodall H.B. , Walsh D.B. Vitamin A and measles in third world children. Br Med J 1991; 302: 39.

Mejia L.A. Vitamin A-nutrient interrelationships. In Bauerfeind J.C. , ed. Vitamin A deficiency and its control. Orlando, Fla, USA: Academic Press, 1986: 69–100.

Abrams H.L. Jr. The preference for animal protein and fat: a cross-cultural study. In: Harris M. , Ross E.B. , eds. Food and evolution. Philadelphia. Pa, USA: Temple University Press. 1987: 207–23.

Hou H.C. Egg preservation in China. Food Nutr Bull 1981; 3(2): 17–20.

Nestel P.S. Food intake and growth in the Maasai. Ecol Food Nutr 1989; 23: 17–30.

Spielmann K.A. A review: dietary restrictions on hunter-gatherer women and the implications for fertility and infant mortality. Humn Ecol 1989; 17(3): 321–45.

Kendall C. , Foote D. , Martorell R. Anthropology, communications, and health: the mass media and health practices program in Honduras. Humn Org 1983; 42: 353–60.

Simoons F.J. The determinants of dairying and milk use in the Old World: ecological, physiological and cultural. Ecol Food Nutr 1973; 2: 83–90.

Neitschmann B. Hunting and fishing focus among the Miskito Indians, eastern Nicaragua. Humn Ecol 1972; 1(1): 41–67.

Hill K. , Hawkes K. , Hurtado M. , Kaplan H. Seasonal variance in the diet of Ache hunter-gatherers in eastern Paraguay. Humn Ecol 1984; 12: 101–35.

Eidlitz K. Food and emergency food in the circumpolar area. Stud Ethnog Upsaliensia XXXII, 1969.

Landy D. Pibloktoq (hysteria) and Inuit nutrition: possible implication of hypervitaminosis A. Soc Sci Med 1985; 21(2): 173–85.

Doolan N. Selected nutrients and PCBs in the food system of the Sahtu (Hareskin) Dene/Metis. MSc thesis. Montreal, Que, Canada: McGill University, 1991.

Kuhnlein H.V. , Soueida R. Use and nutrient composition of traditional Baffin Inuit foods. J Food Comp Anal (in press).

McKigney J.I. Interventions for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency: a summary of experiences. In: Underwood B.A. , ed. Nutrition intervention strategies in national development. New York: Academic Press, 1983: 363–84.

Chicester C.O. Organizations involved in the eradication of vitamin A deficiency. In: Bauerfeind J.C. , ed. Vitamin A deficiency and its control. Orlando. Fla, USA: Academic Press, 1986: 445–60.

Darnton-Hill I. Vitamin A deficiency in Bangladesh. Health Pol Plan 1988; 3(3): 205–13.

Gervais S. Guidelines for IDRC's support to micronutrient deficiency research projects: draft document. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC, 1990.

Underwood B.A. Underpinning vitamin-A deficiency prevention and control programmes. Food Nutr Bull 1989; 11(3): 41–42.

Underwood B.A. Vitamin A prophylaxis programs in developing countries: past experiences and future prospects. Nutr Rev 1990; 48(7): 265–74.

Gopalan C. Combating vitamin A deficiency: need for a revised strategy. In: Gopalan C. , ed. Recent trends in nutrition. New Delhi: Oxford University Press (in press).

Brownrigg L. Home gardening in international development: what the literature shows. Washington, DC: League for International Food Education, 1985.

Bulux J. , Moran O. , Hernandez A.A. , Cifuentes D. , Lopez C.Y. , Sanchez M.E. Guatemala. In: Vitamin A Field Support Project, ed. Taller regional sobre estrategias pare mejorar el estado de vitamina A en America Latina y el Caribe. Guatemala, 5–7 June 1990. Report no. TA-3. Arlington, Va, USA: Vitamin A Field Support Project (VITAL), 1990: 57–62.

Shrimpton R. Vitamin A deficiency in Brazil: perspectives for food production oriented interventions. Ecol Food Nutr 1989; 23: 261–71.

Kuhnlein H.V. , Moody S.A. Evaluation of the Nuxalk food and nutrition program: traditional food used by a native group in Canada. Soc Nutr Educ 1989; 21(3): 127–32.

Blanks J.B. , Barrows J.M. A proposal for convalescent refeeding and horticultural interventions to improve vitamin A intake in the provinces of Alta Verapaz and Santa Rosa of Guatemala. Vitamin A for Child Survival Project. Country section: Guatemala. Bethesda, Md. USA: International Eye Foundation, 1990.

IVACG. Guidelines for the development of a simplified dietary assessment to identify groups at risk for inadequate intake of vitamin A. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute, 1989.

McLaren D.S. Global occurrence of vitamin A deficiency. In: Bauerfeind J.C. , ed. Vitamin A deficiency and its control. Orlando, Fla, USA: Academic Press, 1986: 1–18.

Venkataswamy G. , Cobby M. , Pirie A. Rehabilitation of xerophthalmic children. Trop Geogr Med 1979; 31: 149–54.

Kisanga P. Internal evaluation of the five years 1985–1990. Programme on the Prevention of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia in Tanzania, Monitoring and Evaluation Component. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 1990.

Pepping F. , Vencken C.M.J. , West C.E. Retinol and carotene content of foods consumed in East Africa determined by high performance liquid chromatography. J Sci Food Agri 1988; 45: 359–71.

Kuhnlein H.V. Final report. Nuxalk Food and Nutrition Program. Health Promotion Control Program. Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada, 1987.

Smitasiri S. , Attig G.A. , Dhanamitta S. Participatory action for nutrition education: social marketing of vitamin A-rich foods in Thailand. Ecol Food Nutr (in press).

Young R.H. Effective nutrition communication for behaviour change. Report on International Nutrition Planners Forum, Sixth International Conference. Paris, 4–6 Sept 1991. Paris: Unesco, 1991.

Pollard R. Social marketing of vitamin A: preparing the communications strategy. Consultant Trip Report no. 2. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Helen Keller International. 1989.