Seasonal Variations in Nutritional Status in Rural Areas of Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature

Abdullah M. , and Wheeler E. F. , “Seasonal Variations and Intrahousehold Distribution of Food in a Bangladesh Village,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41: 1305–1313 (1985).

Bayliss-Smith T. , “Seasonality and Labour in Rural Energy Balance,” in Chambers R. , Longhurst R. , and Pacey A. , eds., Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty (Frances Pinter, London, 1981).

Benefice E. , Chevassus-Agnes S. , and Barral H , “Nutritional Situation and Seasonal Variations for Pastoralist Populations in the Sahel (Senegalese Ferlo),” Ecol. Food Nutr., 14: 229–247 (1980).

Bidinger P. D. , Nag B. , and Babu P. , “Nutritional and Health Consequences of Seasonal Fluctuations in Household Food Availability,” food Nutr. Bull., 8 (1): 36–60 (1986).

Benefice E. , and Chevassus-Agnes S. , “Variations anthropométriques saisonnières des adultes appartenant à deux populations différentes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest,” Rev. Epidemiol. Santé Publique, 33: 150–160 (1985).

Bleiberg F. M. , Brun T.A. , Gioham S. , and Gouba E. , “Duration of Activities and Energy Expenditure of Female Farmers in Dry and Rainy Seasons in Upper Volta,” Br. J. Nutr., 43: 71–81 (1980).

Boxall R. , Greeley M. , Tyagr D. , Lipton M. , and Nedakarta J. , The Prevention of Farm-level Food Grain Storage Losses in India: A Social Cost-benefit Analysis (IDS Research Project, University of Sussex, Brighton, 1978).

Brun T. A. , Geissler C. A. , Mirbagheri M. S. , Hormozdiary H. , Bastani J. , and Hedayat H. , “The Energy Expenditure of Iranian Agricultural Workers,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 32: 21542161 (1979).

Brun T. , Bleiberg F. , and Goiham S. , “Energy Expenditure of Male Farmers in Dry and Rainy Seasons in Upper Volta,” Br. J. Nutr., 45: 67–75 (1981).

Brun T. A. , “Physiological Measurement of Activity among Adults under Free-living Conditions,” in Pollitt E. , and Amante P. , eds., Energy Intake and Activity (Alan R. Liss, New York, 1984).

Chaudhury R. H. , “The Seasonality of Prices and Wages in Bangladesh,” in Chambers R. , Longhurst R. , and Pacey A. , eds., Seasonal Dimension to Rural Poverty (Frances Pinter, London, 1981).

Conklin H. C. , Hanunoo Agriculture: A Report on an Integral System of Shifting Cultivation in the Philippines (FAO, Rome, 1967).

Corkill N. L. , “Pellagra in Sudan,” J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 37: 177 (1934).

Corkill N. L. , “Seasonal Dietary Changes in a Sudan Desert Community,” J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 57: 257–269 (1954).

Desai I. D. , Waddell C. , Dutra S. , de Olivera S. Dutra , Duarte E. , Robazzi M. C. , Cevallos Romero L.S. , Desai M. I. , Bradfield F. L. , and Dutra de Olivera J. E , “Marginal Malnutrition and Reduced Physical Work Capacity of Migrant Adolescent Boys in Southern Brazil,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 40: 135–145 (1984).

Dugdale A. E. , and Payne P. R. , “Model of Seasonal Changes in Energy Balance,” Ecol. Food Nutr. (in press).

Flores R. , Immink M. D. C. , Torún B. , Díaz E. , and Viteri F. E. , “Functional Consequences of Marginal Malnutrition among Agricultural Workers in Guatemala. Part I. Physical Work Capacity,” Food Nutr. Bull., 6 (1): 5–11 (1984).

Fox T. , “A Study of the Energy Expenditure of Africans Engaged in Various Activities with Special References to Some Environmental and Physiological Factors Which May Influence the Efficiency of Their Work,” Ph.D. thesis (University of London, London, 1953).

Freeman J. D. , Iban Agriculture (HMSO, London, 1955).

Hassan N. , Huda N. , and Ahmad K. , “Seasonal Patterns of Food Intake in Rural Bangladesh: Its Impact on Nutritional Status,” Ecol. Food Nutr., 17: 175–186 (1985).

Hayani Y. , Moya P. F. , and Bambo L. M , “Labour Utilisation in a Rice Village,” Philippine Econ. J., 17: 244–258 (1978).

Hilderbrand K. , Thiam A. , Fowler C. , Dowler E. , and Tomkins A. , “Contrasting Patterns of Seasonal Weight Change within a Rural Community in the Sahel,” Proc. Nutr. Soc., 14: 13A (1984).

Hilderbrand K. , Thiam A. , Tomkins A. , and Dowler E , “Food, Work, Health and Nutrition: A Comparative Study of the Seasonal Effects in Two Agropastoral Populations from the Malian Gurma,” report submitted to the Overseas Development Administration, United Kingdom, 1985.

Huffman S. L. , Wolff M. , and Lowell S. , “Nutrition and Fertility in Bangladesh: Nutritional Status of Non-pregnant Women,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 42: 725–738 (1985).

Hunter J. M. , “Seasonal Hunger in a Part of West African Savanna: A Survey of Body Weights in Nangodi, North East Ghana,” Inst. Br. Geogr: Trans. Papers, 4: 167–185 (1967).

Immink M. D. C. , Viteri F. E. , and Helm R. W , “Energy Uptake over the Life Cycle and Human Capital Formation in Guatemalan Sugar Cane Cutters,” Econ. Dev. Cult. Change, 30: 351–372 (1982).

Loutan L. , and Lamotte J. M. , “Seasonal Variations in Nutrition among a Group of Nomadic Pastoralists in Niger,” Lancet, 1: 945–947 (1984).

Mondot-Bernard J. , “Food Intake and Nutrition in Mali,” in Mondot-Bernard J. , and Labonne M. , eds., Satisfaction and Food Requirements in Mali to 2000 AD (OECD, Paris, 1982).

Norgan N. G. , Ferro-Luzzi A. , and Durnin J. V. G. A. , “The Energy and Nutrient Intake and Energy Expenditure of 204 New Guinean Adults,” Phil. Trans. F. Soc. Lond., 268: 309–348 (1974).

Orr J. B. , and Clark M. L. , “A Report on Seasonal Variation in the Growth of School Children,” Lancet, 2: 365–367 (1930).

Palmer L. E. , “Seasonal Variation of Average Growth in Weight of Elementary School Children,” Pub. Health Rep. (Washington), 48: 211–233 (1933).

Panpiemras K. , and Krusuansombat S. , “Seasonal Migration and Employment in Thailand,” in Panayatou T. , ed., Food Policy Analysis in Thailand (Allied Press, Bangkok, 1985).

Ruthenberg H. , Farming Systems in the Tropics (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971).

Satyanarayana K. , Naidu A. N. , Chatterjee B. , and Rao B. S. N. , “Body Size and Work Output,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 30: 322–325 (1977).

Spurr G. B. , Barac-Nieto M. , and Maksud M. G. , “Energy Expenditure in Cutting Sugar Cane,” J. Appl. Physiol., 39: 990 (1975).

Spurr G. B. , Barac-Nieto M. , and Maksud M. G. , “Productivity and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Sugar Cane Cutters,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 30: 316–321 (1977).

Strickland S. , “Long-term Development of Kejaman Subsistence: An Ecological Study,” Sarawak Museum J. (in press).

Swift J. , “Labour end Subsistence in a Pastoral Economy,” in Chambers R. , Longhurst R. , and Pacey A. , eds., Seasonal Dimension to Rural Poverty (Frances Pinter, London, 1981).

Tin M. T. , and Ba A. , “Energy Intake and Energy Output of Burmese Farmers at Different Seasons,” Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr., 39: 7–15 (1985).