Discussion: Indicators for Assessing Folate and Vitamin B 12 Status and for Monitoring the Efficacy of Intervention Strategies

Savage DG Lindenbaum J Stabler SP Allen RH . Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies. Am J Med 1994;96:239–46.

Morris MS Jacques PF Rosenberg IH Selhub J . Elevated serum methylmalonic acid concentrations are common among elderly Americans. J Nutr 2002;132:2799–803.

Pfeiffer CM Caudill SP Gunter EW Osterloh J Sampson EJ . Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:442–50.

Jacques PF Selhub J Bostom AG Wilson PW Rosenberg IH . The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1449–54.

Carmel R Green R Jacobsen DW Rasmussen K Florea M Azen C . Serum cobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid concentrations in a multiethnic elderly population: Ethnic and sex differences in cobalamin and metabolite abnormalities. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:904–10.

Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2002;288:2015–22.

Bonaa KH Njolstad I Ueland PM Schirmer H Tverdal A Steigen T Wang H Nordrehaug JE Arnesen E Rasmussen K . Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1578–88.

Lonn E Yusuf S Arnold MJ Sheridan P Pogue J Micks M McQueen MJ Probstfield J Fodor G Held C Genest J Jr , Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1567–77.

Gunter EW Bowman BA Caudill SP Twite DB Adams MJ Sampson EJ . Results of an international round robin for serum and whole-blood folate. Clin Chem 1996;42:1689–94.

Carmel R Brar S Agrawal A Penha PD . Failure of assay to identify low cobalamin concentrations. Clin Chem 2000;46:2017–8.

Daly LE Kirke PN Molloy A Weir DG Scott JM . Folate levels and neural tube defects. Implications for prevention. JAMA 1995;274:1698–1702.

Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Consultation Requirements of vitamin A, folate, vitamin B₁₂. Food and Nutrition Series No. 23. Rome: FAO, 1988.

Lindenbaum J Healton EB Savage DG Brust JC Garrett TJ Podell ER Marcell PD Stabler SP Allen RH . Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1720–8.

Stabler SP Lindenbaum J Allen RH . Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in the elderly: Current dilemmas. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66: 741–9.

Green TJ Venn BJ Skeaff CM Williams SM . Serum vitamin B₁₂ concentrations and atrophic gastritis in older New Zealanders. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:205–10.