Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Technique in Hand Surgery: The Patient Experience

Abstract

Background:

We attempted to evaluate patient satisfaction and overall experience during wide awake, local anesthesia, with no tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery and quantify surgery-related outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient demographics, comorbidities, and patient reported outcomes via Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores collected pre- and postoperatively of patients undergoing WALANT surgery by the 2 participating senior authors. A solution of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was used by 1 surgeon, while the other used a 1:1 ratio of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 0.5% bupivacaine for local anesthetic injection. Patients were administered a postoperative survey to assess patient experience, including anxiety and pain levels, and overall satisfaction in the perioperative period.

Results:

Overall, 97.7% of patients indicated that they would undergo a WALANT-style surgery if indicated in the future, 70.5% ate the day of surgery, and a total of 39.1% of patients reported driving to and from surgery. Postoperative SANE scores increased as compared with preoperative scores across all patients. The use of combination 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 0.5% bupivacaine was associated with lower intraoperative and postoperative visual analog scale pain scores.

Conclusions:

WALANT hand surgery was generally well tolerated with excellent surgical outcomes. Patients reported ease of preparation for surgery, faster recovery, and lack of anesthetic side effects as the main benefits of wide-awake surgery. Combination use of lidocaine and bupivacaine may be better than lidocaine alone with respect to pain control in the initial recovery period.