Ultrasonic seam strength and elongation at break properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics are discussed in this study; and the effects of fiber type, fabric area density, and roller type on ultrasonic tensile properties of nonwoven fabrics are reported. Polypropylene (PP), Polyester (PES), and Polyamide – Polyester (70% PA - 30%PES) blend of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics were used, and the seam strength and elongation at break were measured and the obtained data were evaluated. At the end of the experimental studies, the data from the ultrasonic tensile properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics which were made of different fibers and same production method were evaluated in order to determine the tensile properties which lead to the best result. The experimental results show that the PP thermal bonded nonwoven fabric tended to provide the best seam strength and elongation at break values.
References
1.
AnantharamaiahN., VerenichS., PourdeyhimiB. (2008); “Durable Nonwoven Fabrics via Fracturing Bicomponent Islands-in-the-Sea Filaments”, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp. 1–9.
2.
PourdeyhimiB., MazéB., TafreshiH.V. (2006); “Simulation and Analysis of Unbonded Nonwoven Fibrous Structures”, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp. 47–65.
3.
WatziA. (1994); “Fusion Bonding, Thermal Bonding and Heat-Setting of Nonwovens-Theoretical Fundamentals, Practical Experience, Market Trends”, Melliand, English, 10/1994, E 217.
4.
ReedR. (1942); “U.S. Patent 2277049”, Assigned to Kendall Company.
5.
HoyleA.G. (July 1990); “Thermal Bonding of Nonwoven Fabrics”, Tappi Journal, pp. 85–88.
6.
ChandS., BhatG.S., SpruiellJ.E., MalkanS.R. (Fall 2002); “Role of Fiber Morphology in Thermal Bonding”, International Nonwoven Journal, Vol. 11, No 3, pp. 12–20.
7.
BalasubramanianN. (May 2012); “Nonwoven: Bonding by Thermal Bonding”, The Indian Textile Journal, pp. 75.
8.
DesaiA.N., BalasubramanianN. (1994); “Critical Factors Affecting Properties of Thermal-bonded Nonwovens with Special Reference to Cellulosic Fibres”, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Vol. 19, pp 209.
9.
BhatG.S., JangalaP.K., SpruiellJ.E. (2004); “Thermal Bonding of Polypropylene Nonwovens: Effects of Bonding Variables on the Structure and Properties of the Fabrics”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 92, pp. 3593–3600.
10.
BhatG.S., MalkanS.R. (2002); “Extruded Continuous Filament Nonwovens: Advances in Scientific Aspects”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 83(3), pp. 572–585.
11.
BhatG. S., NanjundappaR. (2013); “Bond Structure and Tensile Properties of Thermal Bonded Polypropylene Nonwovens”, Textiles and Light Industrial Science and Technology, Vol. 2 (2) pp. 49–53.
12.
HegdeR., BhatG. S., CampbellR. A. (2009); “Properties and Performance of Bicomponent Fibers in Thermal Bonding,”Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, 2, pp. 33–39.
13.
BhatG. S., GulgunjeP., DesaiK. (2008); “Developments of Structure and Properties during Thermal Calendering of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Fiber Webs,”Express Polymer Letters, 2(1), pp. 49–56.
14.
HegdeR., BhatG. S. (2009); “Nanoparticle effects of structure and properties of melt blown webs”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 115, pp. 1062–1072.
15.
HegdeR., BhatG. S., CampbellR. A. (2008); “Thermal Bonding of Polypropylene Films and Fibers”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 110 Issue 5, pp. 3047–3058.
16.
HegdeR., BhatG. S. (2010); “Nanoparticle Effects of Structure and Properties of Polypropylene Spunbond Webs”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 118, Issue 6, pp. 3144–3155.
17.
HegdeR., BhatG. S., SpruiellJ. E., BendonR. (2013); “Structure and Properties of Polypropylene - Nanoclay Composites”, Journal of Polymer Research, DOI: 10.1007/s10965–013–0323–1.
18.
BhatG., HegdeR., KamathM.G., DeshpandeB. (2008); “Nanoclay Reinforced Fibers and Nonwovens”, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, Vol. 3, Issue 3.
19.
RawalA. (2011); “Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Thermally Bonded Nonwovens using Theory of Contacts”, Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy, vol. 77, pp. 115–123.
20.
RawalA., PriyadarshiA., LomovS.V., VerpoestI., VankerrebrouckJ. (2010); “Tensile Behaviour of Thermally Bonded Nonwoven Structures: Model Description”, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 45, pp. 2274–2284.
21.
RawalA. (2010); “Bending Rigidity of Thermally Bonded Nonwoven Structures”, Fibers & Polymers, vol. 11, pp. 654–660.
22.
RawalA. (2009); “Application of Theory of Compression to Thermal Bonded Nonwoven Structures”, Journal of the Textile Institute, vol. 100, pp. 28–34.
23.
RawalA. (2008); “Revisiting the Theory of Compression for Deformation of Thermal Bonded Nonwoven Structures”, Advances in Textiles, Nonwoven and Technical Textiles, ATNT, Coimbatore, India.
24.
WadsworthL.C., SuhH. (Summer 2000); “Cotton-Surfaced Nonwovens For Short-Wear-Cycle Apparel”, International Nonwoven Journal, Vol. 9, No 2, pp. 47–54.
25.
ChampaultG. (1987); “From Reluctance to Trust,”Nonwovens Industry, 20(10), pp. 40–51.
26.
WadsworthL.C., NatarajG., DuckettK.E. (1994); “Cotton-based Medical Nonwoven”, INDA Journal of Nonwoven Research, 5(4), pp. 21–28.
27.
KoçakD. (2008); “Study of the Effects Different Chemical Compound Applied on Luffa Cylindrical Fibres with the Help of Ultrasonic Energy”, Journal of Polymer Engineering, Vol. 28 No: 8, pp. 501–515.
28.
KoçakE.D. (October 2008); “The Influence of Ultrasonic Energy on Chemical Treatment of Surface Properties and the Properties of Composites Made of Luffa Cylindrical Fiber –Polyester Resin”, Journalof Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 130, Number 4, pp. 1–7.
29.
MerdanN., SancakE., KoçakD., YüksekM. (2012); “Effect of Applied Different Surface Modification Processes with Cellulose Enzyme on Properties of Luffa Fibres”, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 24, Issue 3 p. 975–980.
30.
CengizC., KoçakE.D., MerdanN. (August 2011); “Impacts of Ultrasonic Energy on Wash ability, Sewability and Colour Properties of Materials in Enzymatic Process”, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 23, Issue: 8, pp. 3676–3682.
31.
KoçakD., MerdanN., YuksekM., SancakE. (2012); “Effects of Chemical Modifications on Mechanical Properties ofLuffa Cylindrica”, Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 637–641.
32.
AkalınM., MerdanN., KoçakD., Ustaİ (2004); “Effects of Ultrasonic Energy on the Wash Fastness of Reactive Dyes”, Ultrasonics, vol. 42, pp. 161–164.
33.
MerdanN., AkalınM., KoçakD., Ustaİ (2004); “Effects of Ultrasonic Energy on Dyeing of Polyamide (Micro fibre) / Lycra Blends”, Ultrasonics, vol. 42, pp. 165–168.
34.
önerE., BaserI., AcarK. (1995); “Use of ultrasonic energy in reactive dyeing of cellulose fabrics”, JSDC, vol. 111, pp. 279–281.
35.
GiehlA., SchaferK., HockerH. (April - 1998); “Ultrasonic in Wool Dyeing-Ready for Practical Application”, International Textile Bulletin, pp. 90–95.
36.
MistikS.I., YükseloğluS.M. (2005); ‘Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching of Cotton in Ultrasonic Energy’, Ultrasonics, Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 811–814.
37.
YachmenevV.G., BertoniereN.R., BlanchardE.J. (2001); “Effect of Sonication on Cotton Preparation with Alkaline Pectinase”, Textile Research Journal, Vol. 71, No 6, pp. 527–533.
38.
YuksekM., KocakD., BeyitA., MerdanN. (2012); “Effect of Degumming Performed with Different Type Natural Soaps and Through Ultrasonic Method on the Properties of Silk Fiber”, Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(2), pp. 801–808.
39.
ThakoreK.A., SmithC.B. (May - 1990); “Application of ultrasound to textile wet processing”, American Dyestuff Reporter, pp. 45–47.
40.
MistikS.I. (2012); “Effect of Ultrasonic Energy on Reductive Cleaning of Dyed Polyester Fabrics”, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 24, No 8, pp. 3724–3728.
41.
MıstıkS. İ., KayarM., KoçakE.D., MerdanN. (18–19 March 2013); “Effect of Ultrasonic Sewing on the Seam Strength Properties of the Woven Polyester Fabric”, 2nd International Conference on Value Addition and Innovation in Textile, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
42.
KayarM. (2012); “Production and Productivity / Basic Principles and Practice”, Ekin Press, Bursa, Turkey, ISBN: 978–605–5335–19–9.
43.
ShiW., LittleT., (2000); “Ultrasonic Joining of Textile Materials”, International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 12, No 5, pp. 331–350.
44.
BozS., ErdoğanM.Ç.; “Ultrasonic Energy Usage in Apparel Industry”, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, vol. 21, pp. 91–96.
45.
KayarM., MıstıkS. İ., MerdanN., KoçakE.D. (18–19 March 2013); “Effect of Ultrasonic Sewing on the Seam Strength Properties of the Woven Polyester and Polyamide Fabrics”, 2nd International Conference on Value Addition and Innovation in Textile, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
46.
GoochJ.W.; “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers”, Springer Reference, 2nd Edition.
ChawlaK.K. (1998); “Fibrous Materials”, Cambridge University Press.
49.
GongR. H., NewtonA. (1996); “Image-Analysis Techniques Part II: The Measurement of Fiber Orientation in Nonwoven Fabrics”, Journal of Textiles Institute, Vol. 87, No 2, pp. 371–388.
50.
ScharcanskiJ., DodsonC. T. J., ClarkeR. T. (2002); “Simulating Effects of Fiber Crimp, Flocculation, Density and Orientation on Structure Statistics of Stochastic Fiber Networks”, Simulation, Vol. 78, Issue. 6, pp. 389–395.
51.
“The Anstey Weston Guide to Textile Terms” (1997), Weston Publishing Limited, 1st Edition.
52.
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (1984); “Analytical Methods for a Textile Laboratory”, Catalog Number: 84–70596.
53.
TS EN ISO 13934–1: Textiles- Tensile properties of fabrics- Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method.
54.
TSE 1619–1 EN ISO 13935–1: Textiles- Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made- up textile articles- Part 1: Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the strip method.
