This article proposes a novel methodology designed to identify past/ancient identities from archaeological information available in rural landscapes. It consists of a quantitative stage based on network analysis followed by a qualitative analysis based on phenomenology. Such methodology contributes to the field of mixed method research in two ways. First, in contrast to existing approaches that use people’s opinions to collect data, the proposed methodology extracts information from archaeological remains and the landscape; second, it extends the scope of topics considered by the field of mixed method research. The methodology was applied to the study of identity evolution in the Romano-British period in Shropshire. The results illustrate the potential of the proposed methodology to understand the formation/evolution of past identities.
Allason-JonesL. (2011). Artefacts in Roman Britain. Cambridge University Press.
3.
BaileyG. (2005). Site catchment analysis. In RenfrewC.BahnP. (Eds.), Archaeology: The key concepts (pp. 172–176). Routledge.
4.
BainK.EvansC. J. (2011). A late iron age and early Romano-British enclosure at Meole Brace, Shrewsbury. Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Historical Society, LXXXVI, 121–151.
BrindleT. (2017). Coins and markets in the countryside. In AllenM.LodwickL.BrindleT.FulfordM.SmithA. (Eds.), The rural economy of roman Britain, new visions of the countryside of Roman Britain, Vol. 2 (pp. 230–265). , Britannia Monograph 29.
7.
BrindleT. (2018). Personal appearance in the countryside of Roman Britain. In SmithA.AllenM.BrindleT.FulfordM.LodwickL.RohnbognerA. (Eds.), The rural settlement of Roman Britain, new visions of the countryside of Roman Britain, Vol. 3, pp. 30–65). Britannia Monograph 32.
8.
BrückJ. (2005). Experience the past? The development of a phenomenological archaeology in British prehistory. Archaeological Dialogues, 12(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203805001583
DavidB.ThomasJ. (2008). Handbook of landscape archaeology. Left Coast Press.
11.
EckardtH. (2014). Objects and identities: Roman Britain and the North-Western provinces. Oxford University Press.
12.
EdwardsG.CrossleyN. (2009). Measures and meanings: Exploring the ego-net of Helen Kirkpatrick Watts, Militant Suffragette. Methodological Innovations Online, 4(1), 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/205979910900400
13.
EvansC. J.JenksW. E.WhiteR. H. (1999). Romano-British kilns at Meole Brace (Pulley), Shropshire (Vol. LXXIV, pp. 1–27). Shropshire Archaeology and History.
14.
FerrisI. (2012). Roman Britain through its objects. Amberley.
FredeD. (1993). The question of being: Heidegger’s project. In GuignonC. (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Husserl (pp. 42–69). Cambridge University Press.
GaffneyV. L.WhiteR. H.GoodchildH. (2007). Wroxeter, the Cornovii and the urban process final report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994-1997. Volume 1: Researching the Hinterland. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, 68.
19.
HamiltonS.WhitehouseR.BrownK.CombesP.HerringE.ThomasM. S. (2006). Phenomenology in practice: Towards a methodology for a “subjective” approach. European Journal of Archaeology, 9(1), 31–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461957107077704
20.
HerrleP. (2008). Architecture and identity? In HerrleP.WegerhoffE. (Eds.), Architecture and identity (pp. 11–22). Deutsche National bibliothek.
21.
HingleyR. (2005). Romanizing global culture: Unity, diversity and empire. Routledge.
22.
HowlettC. (1992). An archaeological evaluation at hay farm, eardington, Shropshire. Tempus Reparatum.
23.
JenkinsR. (2008). Social identity. Routledge.
24.
LambiotteR.DelvenneJ. C.BarahonaM. (2008). Laplacian dynamics and multiscale modular structure in networks. eprint arXiv, Article 0812.1770. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0812.1770
25.
MaxwellJ. A. (2016). Expanding the history and range of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815571132
26.
MayD. E. (2023). The development of landscape archaeology in Britain, present conflicts and possible new directions. Landscape History, 44(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2284553
27.
MillettM. (2016). By small things revealed: Rural settlement and society. In MillettM.RevellL.MooreA. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Roman Britain (pp. 699–720). Oxford University Press.
28.
OpsahlT.AgneessensF.SkvoretzJ. (2010). Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths. Social Networks, 32(3), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2010.03.006
29.
PearceJ. (2016). Status and burial. In MillettM.RevellL.MooreA. (Eds.), The oxford handbook of roman Britain (pp. 341–362). Oxford University Press.
30.
PurcellN. (1995). The Roman villa and the landscape of production. In CornellT. J.LomasK. (Eds.), Urban society in roman Italy (pp. 151–179).
31.
RenfrewC.BahnP. (2000). Archaeology: Theories, methods and practice. Thames and Hudson.
32.
Richards-RissettoH. (2017). What can GIS + 3D mean for landscape archaeology?Journal of Archaeological Science, 84, 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.05.005.
33.
SmithA.BrindleT.FulfordM.LodwickL. (2018). Lifestyle and the social environment. In SmithA.AllenM.BrindleT.FulfordM.LodwickL.RohnbognerA. (Eds.), The Rural Settlement of Roman Britain, New Visions of the Countryside of Roman Britain (Vol. 3, pp. 48–77). Britannia Monograph 32.
34.
SwiftE. (2017). Roman artefacts and society: Design, behaviour and experience. Oxford University Press.
35.
TeddlieC.YuF. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806292430
36.
ThomasJ. (2006). Phenomenology and material culture. In TilleyC.KeaneW.KüchlerS.RowlandsM.SpyerP. (Eds.), Handbook of material culture (pp. 34–59). Sage.
37.
TilleyC. (2008). Phenomenological approaches to landscape archaeology. In DavidB.ThomasJ. (Eds.), Handbook of landscape archaeology (pp. 271–276). Left Coast Press.
38.
TilleyC. (2010). Interpreting landscapes: Geologies, topographies, identities: Explorations in landscape phenomenology 3. Left Coast Press.
39.
WebsterJ. (2001). Creolizing the Roman provinces. American Journal of Archaeology, 105(2), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.2307/507271
40.
WhiteR.WigleyA. (2018). Shropshire in the Roman period. In WhiteR.HodderM. (Eds.), Clash of cultures? The Romano-British period in the West Midlands (pp. 115–135). Oxbow Books.
41.
WhiteR. H. (2022). Whitley Grange villa, Shropshire: A hunting lodge and its landscape. In HenigM., et al. (Eds.), Villas, sanctuaries and settlement in the Romano-British countryside (Vol. 95, pp. 81–92). Archaeopress Roman Archaeology.
42.
WhiteR. H.GaffneyC.GaffneyV. L. (2013). Wroxeter: The Cornovii, and the Urban Process. Final Report on the Wroxeter Hinterland Project 1994-1997. Volume 2: Characterising the City. Archaeopress.
