The 10 Commandments for the Ross Procedure

Ross DN. Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet 1967; 2: 956–958.

McClure GR Belley-Cote EP Um K , et al. The Ross procedure versus prosthetic and homograft aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55: 247–255.

Mazine A El-Hamamsy I Verma S , et al. Ross procedure in adults for cardiologists and cardiac surgeons: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72: 2761–2777.

El-Hamamsy I Eryigit Z Stevens L-M , et al. Long-term outcomes after autograft versus homograft aortic root replacement in adults with aortic valve disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 524–531.

Vojáček J El-Hamamsy I Ondrášek J , et al. Current status of the Ross procedure in aortic valve surgery. Cor Vasa 2017; 59: e71–e76.

Reece TB Welke KF O’Brien S , et al. Rethinking the Ross procedure in adults. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97: 175–181.

Klieverik LM Takkenberg JJ Bekkers JA , et al. The Ross operation: a Trojan horse? Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 1993–2000.

Wyler von Ballmoos MC Kaneko T Iribarne A , et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: 2023 update on procedure data and research. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117: 260–270.

Mazine A Ghoneim A and El-Hamamsy I. The Ross procedure: how I teach it. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105: 1294–1298.

Appoo JJ Bozinovski J Chu MW , et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons/Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery joint position statement on open and endovascular surgery for thoracic aortic disease. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32: 703–713.

Otto CM Nishimura RA Bonow RO , et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2021; 143: e72–e227.

Hage A Hage F Valdis M , et al. The Ross procedure is the optimal solution for young adults with unrepairable aortic valve disease. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 10: 454–462.

Berdajs DA Muradbegovic M Haselbach D , et al. Ross procedure: is the root replacement technique superior to the sub-coronary implantation technique? Long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46: 944–951.

David TE Ouzounian M David CM , et al. Late results of the Ross procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157: 201–208.

Skillington PD Mokhles MM Takkenberg JJ , et al. Twenty-year analysis of autologous support of the pulmonary autograft in the Ross procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96: 823–829.

Vervoort D El-Hamamsy I Chu MWA , et al. The Ross procedure and valve-sparing root replacement procedures in the adult patient: do guidelines follow the evidence? Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 10: 433–443.

Beckmann E Martens A Krueger H , et al. Aortic valve-sparing root replacement (David): learning curve and impact on outcome. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 30: 754–761.

Malas T Saczkowski R Sohmer B , et al. Is aortic valve repair reproducible? analysis of the learning curve for aortic valve repair. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31: 1497.e15–1497.e22.

Hughes GC Zhao Y Rankin JS , et al. Effects of institutional volumes on operative outcomes for aortic root replacement in North America. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145: 166–170.

Chu MWA Losenno KL Dubois LA , et al. Early clinical outcomes of hybrid arch frozen elephant trunk repair with the Thoraflex hybrid graft. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107: 47–53.

Mazine A El-Hamamsy I and Ouzounian M. The Ross procedure in adults: which patients, which disease? Curr Opin Cardiol 2017; 32: 663–671.

Bouhout I Noly PE Ghoneim A , et al. Is the Ross procedure a riskier operation? Perioperative outcome comparison with mechanical aortic valve replacement in a propensity-matched cohort. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24: 41–47.

Sievers HH Stierle U Charitos EI , et al. A multicentre evaluation of the autograft procedure for young patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: update on the German Ross Registry. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 49: 212–218.

Skillington PD Mokhles MM Takkenberg JJ , et al. The Ross procedure using autologous support of the pulmonary autograft: techniques and late results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149(2 suppl): S46–S52.

Mazine A David TE Stoklosa K , et al. Improved outcomes following the Ross procedure compared with bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79: 993–1005.

Bouhout I Ghoneim A Poirier N , et al. Impact of the learning curve on early outcomes following the Ross procedure. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33: 493–500.

Stelzer P Itagaki S Varghese R , et al. Operative mortality and morbidity after the Ross procedure: a 26- year learning curve. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22: 767–775.

Bouhout I Ghoneim A Tousch M , et al. Impact of a tailored surgical approach on autograft root dimensions in patients undergoing the Ross procedure for aortic regurgitation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 56: 959–967.

Yacoub MH. The Ross operation—an evolutionary tale. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2006; 14: 1–2.

Hage F Hage A Guo L , et al. The Ross procedure with a bicuspid pulmonary autograft. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 10: 552–554.

David TE Omran A Ivanov J , et al. Dilation of the pulmonary autograft after the Ross procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119: 210–220.

Hokken RB Takkenberg JJ van Herwerden LA , et al. Excessive pulmonary autograft dilatation causes important aortic regurgitation. Heart 2003; 89: 933–934.

David TE Woo A Armstrong S , et al. When is the Ross operation a good option to treat aortic valve disease? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139: 68–73.

Lansac E Di Centa I Sleilaty G , et al. Long-term results of external aortic ring annuloplasty for aortic valve repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50: 350–360.

de Kerchove L Boodhwani M Etienne PY , et al. Preservation of the pulmonary autograft after failure of the Ross procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 38: 326–332.

Brown JW Ruzmetov M Shahriari AP , et al. Modification of the Ross aortic valve replacement to prevent late autograft dilatation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 37: 1002–1007.

Yammine M Williams E and El-Hamamsy I. The Ross procedure for bicuspid aortic valve: total root implantation technique. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 11: 484–486.

Chauvette V Bouhout I Tarabzoni M , et al. Pulmonary homograft dysfunction after the Ross procedure using decellularized homografts-a multicenter study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 163: 1296–1305.

Alassas K Mohty D Clavel MA , et al. Transcatheter versus surgical valve replacement for a failed pulmonary homograft in the Ross population. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155: 1434–1444.

Carr-White GS Kilner PJ Hon JK , et al. Incidence, location, pathology, and significance of pulmonary homograft stenosis after the Ross operation. Circulation 2001; 104(12 suppl 1): I16–I20.

Ruzmetov M Shah JJ Geiss DM , et al. Decellularized versus standard cryopreserved valve allografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a single-institution comparison. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143: 543–549.

Fricke TA Skillington PD Shi WY , et al. Pulmonary valve function late after Ross procedure in 443 adult patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 109: 1127–1131.

Marathe SP Bell D Betts K , et al. Homografts versus stentless bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position: a multicentre propensity-matched comparison in patients younger than 20 years. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Epub ahead of print 7 February 2019. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz021.

Pitcher A Spata E Emberson J , et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers and beta blockers in Marfan syndrome: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2022; 400: 822–831.