Perspectives on Breast Pump Experiences: Findings from a U.S. National Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Background:

Breast pumps can support breastfeeding continuation in the United States, where federal law permits only 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave. Despite widespread use, research on individuals’ experiences with breast pumps is limited.

Methods:

An interdisciplinary research team developed a cross-sectional Qualtrics survey to explore the perspectives of breast pump users in the United States. Participants were recruited online over a 30-day period in 2021. Descriptive statistics summarized breast pump attributes valued by users, while open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis.

Results:

A total of 641 participants completed 906 pump evaluations. Respondents were located across the United States, with the majority from the Midwest (42%) and South (29%). Most participants were non-Hispanic White (85%) and highly educated (60% held a master’s or doctoral degree). Eight thematic categories with positive, negative, and neutral/mixed experiences emerged: flange fit (user cited need for better sizing guidance and access to multiple sizes), mobility (wearable pumps improved flexibility; electric pumps required accessories for hands-free use), cost and insurance (coverage often excluded replacement parts or alternate flanges), efficacy (some pumps emptied breasts efficiently, others lacked adjustable suction or cycle), longevity (durability was valued for frequent use), manufacturer support (experiences from helpful to inadequate information available to maximize pump efficacy and fit), noise (quiet pumps were preferred), and discomfort (proper fit reduced pain, though soreness and nipple trauma were reported).

Conclusions:

Centering users’ experiences can inform improvements in pump design, insurance coverage, and professional support to reduce barriers to breast milk expression and promote breastfeeding success.