AarimaaVRantanenJHeikkilaJHelttulaIOravaS. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1256–1262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261137.
2.
AlnotJYValentiP. Reparation chirurgicale du nerf axillaire. A propos de 37 cas [Surgical repair of the axillary nerve. Apropos of 37 cases]. Int Orthop. 1991;15(1):7–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210524.
3.
AmarEMamanEKhashanMKauffmanERathEChechikO. Milch versus Stimson technique for nonsedated reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation: a prospective randomized trial and analysis of factors affecting success. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(11):1443–1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2012.01.004.
4.
AndersonMJJMackCDHerzogMMLevineWN. Epidemiology of shoulder instability in the National Football League. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(5):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671211007743.
5.
ArcieroRCordascoFProvencherM. Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Athletes: Prevention, Treatment, and Return to Sport. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier; 2018.
6.
BakKCameronEAHendersonIJ. Rupture of the pectoralis major: a meta-analysis of 112 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(2):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670050197.
BalazsGCBrelinAMDonohueMA, et al. Incidence rate and results of the surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon ruptures in active-duty military personnel. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(7):1837–1843. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516637177.
9.
BeitzelKCoteMPApostolakosJ, et al. Current concepts in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(2):387–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2012.11.023.
10.
BeitzelKMazzoccaADBakK, et al. ISAKOS upper extremity committee consensus statement on the need for diversification of the Rockwood classification for acromioclavicular joint injuries. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(2):271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2013.11.005.
11.
BerryHBrilV. Axillary nerve palsy following blunt trauma to the shoulder region: a clinical and electrophysiological review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45(11):1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.45.11.1027.
BlomSDahlbackLO. Nerve injuries in dislocations of the shoulder joint and fractures of the neck of the humerus. A clinical and electromyographical study. Acta Chir Scand. 1970;136(6):461–466.
14.
BloomMHObataWG. Diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the shoulder with use of Velpeau axillary and angle-up roentgenographic views. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1967;49(5):943–949.
15.
BodendorferBMDeFrodaSFShuHTKnapikDMYangDSVermaNN. Incidence of pectoralis major injuries has increased 40% over the last 22 National Football League seasons. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2021;3(4):e1113–e1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2021.03.019.
16.
BodendorferBMDeFrodaSFShuHTKnapikDMYangDSVermaNN. Performance and survivorship of National Football League players with pectoralis major injuries. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2021;3(4):e1097–e1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2021.03.015.
17.
BottoniCRFranksBRMooreJHDeBerardinoTMTaylorDCArcieroRA. Operative stabilization of posterior shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(7):996–1002. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271509.
18.
BrophyRHBarnesRRodeoSAWarrenRF. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders at the NFL Combine—trends from 1987 to 2000. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(1):22–27. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000241637.52231.18.
19.
BussDDLynchGPMeyerCPHuberSMFreehillMQ. Nonoperative management for in-season athletes with anterior shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(6):1430–1433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262069.
20.
CarrinoJAChandnanniVPMitchellDBChoi-ChinnKDeBerardinoTMMillerMD. Pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears: diagnosis and grading using magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2000;29(6):305–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002560000199.
21.
ChanAGBalazsGCHaleyCAPosnerMARueJHOwensBD. Pectoralis major rupture in military academy athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(7):2325967119860157. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119860157.
22.
ChandranAMorrisSNPowellJRBoltzAJRobisonHJCollinsCL. Epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association men’s football: 2014-2015 through 2018-2019. J Athl Train. 2021;56(7):643–650. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-447-20.
23.
ChangESZouJCostelloJMLinA. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the intraoperative tear characteristics of pectoralis major ruptures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(3):463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.08.037.
24.
ChronopoulosEKimTKParkHBAshenbrennerDMcFarlandEG. Diagnostic value of physical tests for isolated chronic acromioclavicular lesions. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(3):655–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261723.
25.
CoeneLNNarakasAO. Operative management of lesions of the axillary nerve, isolated or combined with other nerve lesions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1992;94(suppl 1):S64–S66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(92)90025-x.
26.
CohenSBTowersJDBradleyJP. Rotator cuff contusions of the shoulder in professional football players: epidemiology and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):442–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506295082.
CordascoFAMahonyGTTsourisNDegenRM. Pectoralis major tendon tears: functional outcomes and return to sport in a consecutive series of 40 athletes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(3):458–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2016.07.018.
29.
CoteMPWojcikKEGomlinskiGMazzoccaAD. Rehabilitation of acromioclavicular joint separations: operative and nonoperative considerations. Clin Sports Med. 2010;29(2):213–228, vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2009.12.002.
30.
de Castro PochiniAAndreoliCVBelangeroPS, et al. Clinical considerations for the surgical treatment of pectoralis major muscle ruptures based on 60 cases: a prospective study and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(1):95–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513506556.
31.
de Castro PochiniAEjnismanBAndreoliCV, et al. Pectoralis major muscle rupture in athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(1):92–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546509347995.
32.
de SaDLBhandariM. Cochrane in CORR(R): surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020;478(3):462–468. https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000001143.
33.
DickensJFOwensBDCameronKL, et al. Return to play and recurrent instability after in-season anterior shoulder instability: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(12):2842–2850. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514553181.
34.
DickensJFOwensBDCameronKL, et al. The effect of subcritical bone loss and exposure on recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair in intercollegiate American football. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(8):1769–1775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517704184.
35.
DillinLHoaglundFTScheckM. Brachial neuritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67(6):878–880.
36.
DragooJLBraunHJBartlinskiSEHarrisAH. Acromioclavicular joint injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association football: data from the 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(9):2066–2071. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512454653.
37.
DumontGDRussellRDRobertsonWJ. Anterior shoulder instability: a review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis and treatment. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2011;4(4):200–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-011-9092-9.
38.
DunphyTRDamodarDHeckmannNDSivasundaramLOmidRHatchGFIII. Functional outcomes of type V acromioclavicular injuries with nonsurgical treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016;24(10):728–734. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00176.
39.
DuraldeXA. Neurologic injuries in the athlete’s shoulder. J Athl Train. 2000;35(3):316–328.
40.
ElMaraghyAWDevereauxMW. A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears. J Shoulder ElAbow Surg. 2012;21(3):412–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2011.04.035.
41.
FeeleyBTKennellySBarnesRP, et al. Epidemiology of National Football League training camp injuries from 1998 to 2007. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(8):1597–1603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316021.
42.
FriedmanAHNunleyJAIIUrbaniakJRGoldnerRD. Repair of isolated axillary nerve lesions after infraclavicular brachial plexus injuries: case reports. Neurosurgery. 1990;27(3):403–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199009000-00010.
GodryHCitakMKonigshausenMSchildhauerTASeyboldD. Eine neue Repositionstechnik fur die verhakte hintere Schulterluxation. Fallbericht und Beschreibung der Repositionstechnik [A new reduction technique for posterior locked shoulder dislocation. Case report and technique description]. Unfallchirurg. 2012;115(8):754–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-011-2115-6.
45.
GoodmanADRaduchaJEDeFrodaSFGilJAOwensBD. Shoulder and elbow injuries in NCAA football players, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014. Phys Sportsmed. 2019;47(3):323–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1554167.
46.
GorbatyJDHsuJEGeeAO. Classifications in brief: Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint separations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(1):283–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-5079-6.
47.
GottliebM. Shoulder dislocations in the emergency department: a comprehensive review of reduction techniques. J Emerg Med. 2020;58(4):647–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.11.031.
HartNDLindseyDPMcAdamsTR. Pectoralis major tendon rupture: a biomechanical analysis of repair techniques. J Orthop Res. 2011;29(11):1783–1787. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.21438.
51.
HemsTEMahmoodF. Injuries of the terminal branches of the infraclavicular brachial plexus: patterns of injury, management and outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(6):799–804. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B6.28286.
HibberdEEKerrZYRoosKGDjokoADompierTP. Epidemiology of acromioclavicular joint sprains in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association sports: 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 academic years. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(10):2667–2674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516643721.
54.
HoltbyRRazmjouH. Validity of the supraspinatus test as a single clinical test in diagnosing patients with rotator cuff pathology. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34(4):194–200. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2004.34.4.194.
55.
HurschlerCWulkerNWindhagenHHellmersNPlumhoffP. Evaluation of the lag sign tests for external rotator function of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13(3):298–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2004.01.021.
JobeFWMoynesDR. Delineation of diagnostic criteria and a rehabilitation program for rotator cuff injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10(6):336–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000602.
58.
KaplanLDFlaniganDCNorwigJJostPBradleyJ. Prevalence and variance of shoulder injuries in elite collegiate football players. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(8):1142–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505274718.
59.
KellyBTBarnesRPPowellJWWarrenRF. Shoulder injuries to quarterbacks in the National Football League. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(2):328–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261737.
60.
KerrZYMarshallSWHardingHPJrGuskiewiczKM. Nine-year risk of depression diagnosis increases with increasing self-reported concussions in retired professional football players. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(10):2206–2212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512456193.
61.
KirschJMBurrusMTBediA. Common injuries in professional football quarterbacks. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018;11(1):6–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-018-9453-8.
62.
KrivickasLSWilbournAJ. Peripheral nerve injuries in athletes: a case series of over 200 injuries. Semin Neurol. 2000;20(2):225–232. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-9832.
63.
LaddLMCrewsMMaertzNA. Glenohumeral joint instability: a review of anatomy, clinical presentation, and imaging. Clin Sports Med. 2021;40(4):585–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2021.05.001.
64.
LeclereLEAsnisPDGriffithMHGranitoDBerksonEMGillTJ. Shoulder instability in professional football players. Sports Health. 2013;5(5):455–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738112472156.
65.
LeeJBrookenthalKRRamseyMLKneelandJBHerzogR. MR imaging assessment of the pectoralis major myotendinous unit: an MR imaging-anatomic correlative study with surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(5):1371–1375. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.174.5.1741371.
LerouxJLThomasEBonnelFBlotmanF. Diagnostic value of clinical tests for shoulder impingement syndrome. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1995;62(6):423–428.
68.
LeVasseurMRManciniMRBertholdDP, et al. Acromioclavicular joint injuries: effective rehabilitation. Open Access J Sports Med. 2021;12:73–85. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S244283.
69.
MarshNACalceiJGAntoshIJCordascoFA. Isolated tears of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle: surgical technique, clinical outcomes, and a modification of the Tietjen and Bak classification. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(7):1359–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2019.11.024.
70.
McLaughlinLH. On the frozen shoulder. Bull Hosp Joint Dis. 1951;12(2):383–393.
71.
McLaughlinLH. Posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952;24A(3):584–590.
72.
MikamiYNaganoAOchiaiNYamamotoS. Results of nerve grafting for injuries of the axillary and suprascapular nerves. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997;79(4):527–531. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.79b4.7481.
73.
MilchH. The treatment of recent dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1949;31A(1):173–180.
74.
MillerMDJohnsonDLFuFHThaeteFLBlancRO. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in a collegiate football player. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21(3):475–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659302100325.
75.
MillettPJWarthRJGreenspoonJAHoranMP. Arthroscopically assisted anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction technique using coracoclavicular fixation and soft-tissue grafts. Arthrosc Tech. 2015;4(5):e583–e587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2015.06.007.
76.
MimuraTMoriKMatsusueYTanakaNNishiYKobayashiM. Closed reduction for traumatic posterior dislocation of the shoulder using the ‘lever principle’: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Orthop Surg. 2006;14(3):336–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/230949900601400321.
MouhsineEGarofaloRCrevoisierXFarronA. Grade I and II acromioclavicular dislocations: results of conservative treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003;12(6):599–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(03)00215-5.
79.
MuenchLNBertholdDPUyekiC, et al. Conversion to anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction (ACCR) shows similar clinical outcomes compared to successful non-operative treatment in chronic primary type III to V acromioclavicular joint injuries. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021;29(7):2264–2271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06159-2.
80.
NuteDWKusnezovNDunnJCWatermanBR. Return to function, complication, and reoperation rates following primary pectoralis major tendon repair in military service members. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(1):25–32. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.16.00124.
OwensBDAgelJMountcastleSBCameronKLNelsonBJ. Incidence of glenohumeral instability in collegiate athletics. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(9):1750–1754. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546509334591.
83.
OwensBDDickensJFKilcoyneKGRueJP. Management of mid-season traumatic anterior shoulder instability in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(8):518–526. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-518.
84.
PavlikACsepaiDBerkesI. Surgical treatment of pectoralis major rupture in athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1998;6(2):129–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670050085.
PerlmutterGSApruzzeseW. Axillary nerve injuries in contact sports: recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation. Sports Med. 1998;26(5):351–361. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199826050-00005.
87.
PerlmutterGSLeffertRDZarinsB. Direct injury to the axillary nerve in athletes playing contact sports. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(1):65–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659702500112.
PetriMWarthRJGreenspoonJA, et al. Clinical results after conservative management for grade III acromioclavicular joint injuries: does eventual surgery affect overall outcomes?Arthroscopy. 2016;32(5):740–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2015.11.024.
90.
PetrucciFSMorelliARaimondiPL. Axillary nerve injuries—21 cases treated by nerve graft and neurolysis. J Hand Surg Am. 1982;7(3):271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(82)80178-0.
91.
ProbstDTMackinnonSEPratherH. Isolated axillary nerve injury in an elite high school American football player: a case report. Sports Health. 2019;11(6):550–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738119868478.
92.
ProvencherMTMidtgaardKSOwensBDTokishJM. Diagnosis and management of traumatic anterior shoulder instability. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021;29(2):e51–e61. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00202.
93.
RabuckSJLynchJLGuoX, et al. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods to repair pectoralis major ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(7):1635–1640. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512449291.
RichardsRRHudsonARBertoiaJTUrbaniakJRWaddellJP. Injury to the brachial plexus during Putti-Platt and Bristow procedures. A report of eight cases. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15(4):374–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658701500415.
96.
RigsbyRSitlerMKellyJD. Subscapularis tendon integrity: an examination of shoulder index tests. J Athl Train. 2010;45(4):404–406. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.404.
RobinsonCMSeahMAkhtarMA. The epidemiology, risk of recurrence, and functional outcome after an acute traumatic posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(17):1605–1613. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00973.
99.
RockwoodCGreenDP. Fractures in Adults. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1984.
SahotaSGibbsDBLawtonCD, et al. Pectoralis major injuries in the National Football League. Sports Health. 2020;12(2):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738119885867.
102.
SaierTPlathJEBeitzelK, et al. Return-to-activity after anatomical reconstruction of acute high-grade acromioclavicular separation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0989-8.
103.
SchepsisAAGrafeMWJonesHPLemosMJ. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Outcome after repair of acute and chronic injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(1):9–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280012701.
104.
SciasciaABoisAJKiblerWB. Nonoperative management of traumatic acromioclavicular joint injury: a clinical commentary with clinical practice considerations. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17(3):519–540. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.32545.
105.
SharmaSPBaerheimAMoe-NilssenRKvaleA. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, treatment with corticosteroid, corticosteroid with distension or treatment-as-usual; a randomised controlled trial in primary care. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 262016;17:232. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1081-0.
TamaokiMJLenzaMMatsunagaFTBellotiJCMatsumotoMHFaloppaF. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10:CD007429. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007429.pub3.
108.
TauberM. Management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations: current concepts. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013;133(7):985–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-013-1748-z.
ToolanenGHildingssonCHedlundTKnibestolMObergL. Early complications after anterior dislocation of the shoulder in patients over 40 years. An ultrasonographic and electromyographic study. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64(5):549–552. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679308993690.
111.
TrainerGArcieroRAMazzoccaAD. Practical management of grade III acromioclavicular separations. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18(2):162–166. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e318169f4c1.
112.
TuckmanGADevlinTC. Axillary nerve injury after anterior glenohumeral dislocation: MR findings in three patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(3):695–697. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.3.8751683.
113.
VerstiftDEWelsinkCLSpaansAJvan den BekeromMPJ. Return to sport after surgical treatment for high-grade (Rockwood III-VI) acromioclavicular dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(12):3803–3812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05528-w.
WalchGBoulahiaACalderoneSRobinsonAH. The “dropping” and ‘hornblower’s’ signs in evaluation of rotator-cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(4):624–628. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.8651.
WilsonJCMcKeeverFM. Traumatic posterior dislocation of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1949;31A(1):160–172.
118.
WisePMPtasinskiAMGalloRA. Pectoralis major ruptures in the National Football League: incidence, RTP, and performance analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(6) :23259671211018707. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671211018707.
119.
ZancaP. Shoulder pain: involvement of the acromioclavicular joint. (Analysis of 1,000 cases). Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1971;112(3):493–506. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.112.3.493.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.