Laparoscopic surgery has gained in popularity in the last few years. As the technology for minimally invasive surgery improves and surgeons' laparoscopic skills progress, more advanced surgical procedures are being attempted with the laparoscope. The role of the laparoscope in the field of colon and rectal surgery is still being defined. Of particular controversy is the issue of laparoscopic colon resection for malignancy. The long-term effect of laparoscopic colectomy on either local or distant recurrence is not obvious in the immediate postoperative period, and how the use of the laparoscope for resection of colorectal malignancy will affect survival is unknown. This chapter reviews the published "USA Experience" with laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer.
Phillips FH, Franklin M., Carroll BJ, et al: Laparoscopic colectomy. Ann Surg216:703-707, 1992
9.
Quattlebaum JK Jr, Flanders D., Usher CHIII: Laparoscopically assisted colectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc3:81-87, 1993
10.
Peters WR, Bartles TL: Minimally invasive colectomy: are the potential benefits realized?Dis Colon Rectum36:751-756, 1993
11.
Dodson RW, Cullado MJ, Tangen LE, et al: Laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection. Contemp Surg42:42-44, 1993
12.
Franklin Me , Ramos R., Rosenthal D., et al: Laparoscopic colonic procedures. World J Surg17:51-56, 1993
13.
Wexner SD, Reissman P., Bernstein M., et al: Laparoscopic colectomy: Analysis of 110 cases. Surg Endosc (in press)
14.
Van Ye TM, Cattery RP, Henry LG: Laparoscopically assisted colon resections compare favorably with open technique. Surg Laparosc Endosc4:25-31, 1994
15.
Zucker KA, Pitcher DE, Martin DT, et al: Laparoscopic assisted colon resection. Surg Endosc8:12-18, 1994
16.
Larach SW, Salomen MC, Williamson PR, et al: Laparoscopic assisted colectomy: Experience during the learning curve. Coloproctol1:38-41, 1993
17.
Cohen SM, Wexner SD: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Are we being honest with our patients?Dis Colon Rectum37:21, 1994 (abstr)
18.
McDermott JP , Devereaux DA, Caushaj PF: Pitfalls of laparoscopic colectomy: An unrecognized synchronous cancer. Dis Colon Rectum37:602-603, 1994 (abstr)
19.
Musser DJ, Boorse RC, Madera F., et al: Laparoscopic colectomy: at what cost?Surg Laparosc Endosc4:1-5, 1994
20.
Lazorthes F. , Chiotassol P.: Stapled colorectal anastamosis: Perspective integrity of the anastamosis and risk of postoperative leakage . IntJ Colorectal Dis1:96-98, 1986
21.
Morson BC, Whiteway JE, Jones EA, et al: Histopathology and prognosis of malignant colorectal polyps treated by endoscopic polypectomy. Gut25:437-444, 1984
22.
Rajagopal AS , Thorson AJ, Sentovitch SM, et al: Decade trends in length of postoperative stay following abdominal colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum37:26, 1994 (abstr)
23.
Bohm B., Milsom JW, Fazio VW: Postoperative ileus following open versus laparoscopic colectomy. Surg Endosc8:234, 1994
24.
Reissman P. , Teoh TA, Weiss EG, et al: Is early oral feeding safe after elective colorectal surgery?Ann Surg222:73-77, 1995
25.
Falk PM, Beart RW, Wexner SD, et al: Laparoscopic colectomy: A critical appraisal. Dis Colon Rectum36:28-34, 1993
26.
Larach SW, Vayer AJ, Williamson PR, et al: Cost effectiveness of laparoscopic assisted colectomy. Presented at the Tripartate Colorectal Meeting, Sydney, Australia, October 17-20, 1993
27.
Reiver D., Kmiot WA, Cohen SM, et al: A prospective comparison of laparoscopic procedures in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum37:22, 1994 (abstr)
28.
Enker WE, Heilveil ML, Hertz Rel, et al: En bloc pelvic lymphadenopathy and sphincter preservation in the surgical management of rectal cancer. Ann Surg203:426-433, 1986
29.
Enker EW, Laffer Uth, Block GE: Enhanced survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer is based upon wide anatomic resection. Ann Surg190:350-360, 1979
30.
Guillou PJ, Darzi A., Monson Jrt: Experience with laparoscopic colorectal surgery for malignant disease . Surg Oncol2:43-49,1993 (suppl)
31.
Wexner SD, Cohen SM, Johansen OB, et al: Laparoscopic surgery: A perspective assessment and current perspective . Br J Surg80:1602-1605, 1993
32.
Blenkinsopp WK, Stewart-Brown S., Blesovsky L., et al: Histopathology reporting in large bowel cancer. J Clin Pathol34:509-513, 1981
33.
Cawthorn SJ , Parums DV, Marks CG: Clearance technique for the detection of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg73:58-60,1990
34.
Cohen SM, Schmitt SL, Wexner SD, et al: Does xylene mesenteric fat clearance improve lymph node harvest after colon resection?Eur J Surg160:693-697, 1994
35.
Scott Kwm , Grace RH: Detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal carcinoma before and after fat clearance. Br J Surg76:1165-1167, 1989
36.
Alexander Rjt , Jaques BC, Mitchell KG: Laparoscopicallyassisted colectomy and wound recurrence. Lancet341 :249-250, 1993 (letter)
37.
Fusco MA, Paluzzi MW: Abdominal wall recurrence after laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for adenocarcinoma of the colon. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum36:858-861, 1993
38.
Gionnone G.: Laparoscopic colectomy. Presented at the International Symposium on Advances in Laparoscopic Colectomy, Indianapolis , USA, October 29-31, 1993
39.
Mouiel J.: Laparoscopic colectomy. Presented at the Fourth World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Kyoto, Japan, June 16-19, 1994
40.
Ngoi SS, Kum CK, Goh Pmy, et al: Laparoscopic colon resection: the Singapore experience. Presented at the Tripartate Colorectal Surgery Meeting, Sydney, Australia, October 17-20,1993
41.
Stitz R.: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Presented at the Tripartate Colorectal Surgery Meeting, Sydney, Australia, October 17-20, 1993
42.
O'Rourke N. , Heald RJ: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer . Br J Surg80:1229-1230, 1993
43.
Cava A., Roman J., Quintela AG, et al: Subcutaneous metastasis following laparoscopy in gastric carcinoma . Eur J Sur Oncol16:63-67, 1990
44.
Clair DG, Lautz DB, Brooks DC: Rapid development of umbilical metastases after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma. Surgery113:355-358, 1993
45.
Drouard F., Delamarre J., Capron JP: Cutaneous seeding of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . New Engl J Med325:1316, 1991
46.
Fung Y., Brennen MF, Turnbull A., et al: Gallbladder cancer discovered during laparoscopic surgery. Potential for iatrogenic dissemination. Arch Surg128:1054-1056, 1993
47.
Gleeson NC, Nicosia SV, Mark JE, et al: Abdominal wall metastases from ovarian cancer after laparoscopy . Am J Obst Gyn169:522-523, 1993
48.
Hsin J., Given FT, Kemp GM: Tumor implantation after diagnostic laparoscopic biopsy of serous ovarian tumors of low malignant potential. Obst Gyn68:905-915, 1986
49.
Hughes ES, McDermott FT, Proliglase AI, et al: Tumor recurrence in abdominal wall scar after large bowel cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum26:571-572, 1983
50.
Miralles RM , Petit J., Gine L., et al: Metastatic cancer spread at the laparoscopic puncture site. Report of a case in a patient with carcinoma of the ovary. Eur J Gyn Oncol10:442-444, 1989
51.
Pezet D., Fondrivier E., Rothman N., et al: Parietal seeding of carcinoma of the gallbladder after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg79:230, 1992
52.
Siriwardena A., Samaraji WN: Cutaneous tumor seeding from a previous undiagnosed pancreatic carcinoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . Ann Royal Coll Surg Engl75:199-200, 1993
53.
O'Rourke N. , Price PM, Kelly S., et al: Tumor innoculation during laparoscopy . Lancet342:368, 1993 (letter)
54.
Fingerhut A. : Feasibility of laparoscopic colectomy. Presented at the Fourth World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Kyoto , Japan,June 16-19, 1994
55.
Nduka CC, Monson Jrt, Menzies-Gow N., et al: Abdominal wall metastases following laparoscopy. Br J Surg81:648-652, 1994
56.
Wexner SD, Cohen SM: Port site metastases after laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cure of malignancy . Br J Surg82:295-298, 1995
