We report on curation and digitization experiences of a large collection of Bryozoa (>19,759 of estimated 38,000 lots digitized, >1,000 type lots). Storage of one to two histology slides in capped glass vials and larger series in twenty-five-slot histology boxes is optimal. Bulk dry material is stored in acid-free containers (cardboard, plastic). Fluid specimens are stored in 70 percent ethanol, with small specimens housed in 20 ml scintillation vials with conical polypropylene lined screw caps. Digitizing is most effective by georeferencing immediately. Unidentified material should at least be roughly identified (family, genus) to encourage loans and ensuing expert identification. Taxonomy and nomenclature are challenging and require an experienced taxonomist. Approaches to specimen counts are discussed.
BorgFolke. 1944. “The Stenolaematous Bryozoa.”Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–19033: 1–276.
4.
BrownPaul A.1997. “A Review of Techniques Used in the Preparation, Curation, and Conservation of Microscope Slides at the Natural History Museum, London.”The Biology Curator10 (Special Supplement): 1–35.
BuskGeorge. 1884. “Report on the Polyzoa collected by H.M.S. Challenger, during the years 1873–1876.–The Cheilostomata”. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873–76, Zoology10: 1–216.
7.
CookPatricia L.BockPhilip E.GordonDennis P.WeaverHaylee J.2018. Australian Bryozoa. Volume 1. Biology, Ecology and Natural History. Clayton, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.
8.
GeigerDaniel L.MarshallBruce A.PonderWinston F.SasakiTakenoriWarénAnders. 2007. “Techniques for Collecting, Handling, and Preparing Small Molluscan Specimens.”Molluscan Research27: 1–50.
9.
HaywardPeter J.1985. Ctenostome Bryozoans. London: E. J. Brill.
10.
HaywardPeter J.RylandJohn S.1979. British Ascophoran Bryozoans. London: Academic Press.
11.
HaywardPeter J.RylandJohn S.1985. Cyclostome Bryozoans. London: E. J. Brill.
12.
HaywardPeter J.RylandJohn S.1990. The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
13.
HaywardPeter J.RylandJohn S.1998. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa Part 1: Aeteoidea – Cribrilinoidea. Shrewsbury: Field Studies Council.
14.
HaywardPeter J.RylandJohn S.1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa Part 2: Hippothooidea – Celleporoidea. Shrewsbury: Field Studies Council.
15.
LivingstoneArthur A.1924. “Studies on Australian Bryozoa. No. I.”Records of the Australian Museum14: 189–212, pls. xxiii–xxvi.
16.
LonhartSteve I.2012. “Growth and Distribution of the Invasive Bryozoan Watersipora in Monterey Harbor, California.” In Diving for Science 2012. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 31st Symposium, edited by StellerD.LobelL., 89–98. Dauphin Island, AL: American Academy of Underwater Sciences.
17.
LoxtonJenniferWoodChristine A.BishopJohn D. D.PorterJoanne S.JonesMary SpencerNallChris R.2017. “Distribution of the Invasive Bryozoan Schizoporella japonica in Great Britain and Ireland and a Review of Its European Distribution.”Biological Invasions19: 2225–35.
18.
NascimentoKarine B.MigottoAlvaro E.VagaClaudia F.VieiraLeandro M.2022. “Occurrence of the Bryozoan Amathia alternata Lamouroux, 1816 in the SW Atlantic: A New Invasive Species with Potential Impact on Human Livelihoods.”Marine Biodiversity52 (2): 19. doi:10.1007/s12526-022-01263-7.
19.
NeumannDirkCarterJulianSimmonsJohn E.CrimmenOliver. 2022. Best Practices in the Preservation and Management of Fluid-Preserved Biological Collections. Chicago, IL: Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections.
20.
OsburnRaymond C. 1950–1953. “Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America.”Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions14: 1–841.
21.
RuppertRiedl (ed.). 2011. Fauna und Flora des Mittelmeeres. Vienna: Seifert Verlag.
22.
RobinetLaurianneEreminKatherineFearnSarahPulhamColinHallChristopher. 2004. “Understanding Glass Deterioration in Museum Collections through Raman Spectroscopy and SIMS Analysis.”Materials Research Society Online Proceedings Library852: 247–54. doi:10.1557/PROC-852-OO8.8.
23.
RobinetLaurianneFearnSarahEreminKatherine. 2005. “Understanding Glass Deterioration in Museum Collections: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach.” In ICOM Committee for Conservation 14th Triennial Meeting, The Hague, 12–16 September 2005, edited by ICOM Committee for Conservation, 139–45. The Hague: James & James/Earthscan.
24.
RylandJohn S.1970. Bryozoans. London: Hutchinson University Library.
25.
RylandJohn S.HaywardPeter J.1977. British Anascan Bryozoans. London: Academic Press.
26.
SchmidThomasHiddeJuliaGrünierSophieJungnickelRobertDarizPetraRiedelJensNeuhausBirger. 2021. “Ageing Effects in Mounting Media of Microscope Slide Samples from Natural History Collections: A Case Study with Canada Balsam and PermountTM.”Polymers13: 2112. doi:10.3390/polym13132112.
27.
SchwahaThomas. 2021. Phylum Bryozoa. Berlin and Boston, MA: De Gruyter.
28.
SearsMary A. B.LenihanJennifer W.BaldingerAdam J.WoollacottRobert M.2017. “The Blagg Collection of California Bryozoa at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.”Breviora556: 1–12.
29.
SeoJi E. 2005. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea Vol. 40. Bryozoa. Sejong City, South Korea: Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development.
30.
SouleJohn D.1957. “Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico. 6, Anascan Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the Gulf of California.”American Museum Novitates1969: 1–54.
31.
SouleJohn D.1961. “Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico. 13, Ascophoran Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the Gulf of California.”American Museum Novitates2053: 1–66.
32.
SouleDorothy F.2002. “North-Eastern Pacific Bryozoology and the American Bryozoologists.” In Annals of Bryozoology 2002, edited by JacksonP. N. WyseJonesM. E. Spencer, 251–74. Dublin: International Byozoology Association.
33.
SouleDorothy F.SouleJohn D.1964. “The Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) of Scammon’s Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico.”American Museum Novitates2199: 1–56.
34.
SouleJohn D.SouleDorothy F.1969. “Systematics and Biogeography of Burrowing Bryozoans.”American Zoologist9: 791–802.
35.
SouleJohn D.SouleDorothy F.ChaneyHenry W.1987. “Chapter IV Phyla Entoprocta and Bryozoa (Ectoprocata).” In Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, Section 2: Plathyhelmithes through Phoronida and Section 3: Sipuncula through Annelida, edited by DevaneyD. M.EldredgeL. G., 83–166. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press.
36.
SouleJohn D.SouleDorothy F.ChaneyHenry W.1996. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. 2nd ed.Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
37.
SouleJohn D.SouleDorothy F.ChaneyHenry W.1999. “New Species of Thalamoporella (Bryozoa) with Acute or Subacute Avicularium Mandibles and Review of Known Species Worldwide.”Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series4: 1–57.
38.
SouleJohn D.SouleDorothy F.MorrisPenny A.ChaneyHenry W.2007. “Bryozoa.” In The Light and Smith Manual, edited by CarltonJ. T., 866–904. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
39.
SteitzErichStengelGerhardt. 1984. Die Stämme und Klassen des Tierreichs. Eine Übersicht. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.
40.
SterrerWolfgangSchoepfer-SterrerChristiane. 1986. Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda: A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms. New York, NY: Wiley.
41.
TilbrookKevin J.2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs Number 4, Studies in Biodiversity Number 3. Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
42.
ToddJohnathan A.2000. “The Central Role of Ctenostomes in Bryozoan Phylogeny.” In Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference, edited by Herrera-CubillaA.JacksonJ. B. C., 104–135. Panama: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
43.
TurnerSilvie. 1998. The Book of Fine Paper. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson.
44.
VascoAlejandraThadeoMarcelaConoverMagaretDalyDouglas C.2014. “Preparation of Samples for Leaf Architecture Studies, a Method for Mounting Cleared Leaves.”Applications in Plant Sciences2 (9): 1400038. doi:10.3732/apps.1400038.
45.
WoollacottRobert M.ZimmerRussel L.1977. Biology of the Bryozoans. New York, NY: Academic Press.
46.
WoRMS Editorial Board. 2023. World Register of Marine Species. doi:10.14284/170. https://www.marinespecies.org (accessed July 12, 2023).
47.
XixingLiuXuemingYinJianghuMa. 2001. Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Beijing: Science Press.
48.
ZabalaMikelMaluquerP.1988. “Illustrated Keys for the Classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa.”Treballs del Museu de Zoologia4: 1–294.
