Purpose: To investigate whether hyperventilation (HV) for 5 minutes increases the diagnostic yield of electroencephalography (EEG) compared to 3 minutes HV and to determine whether performing HV for 5 minutes is feasible and safe in children. Methods: Data were evaluated from 579 children aged less than 18 years, referred to EEG for epilepsy evaluation. Occurrence of seizures, HV induced interictal epileptiform discharges precipitation and potentiation and adverse events if any were noted during the first 3 minutes and last 2 minutes of HV separately. Results: 398 children (68.7%) completed 5 minutes HV. Seizures were precipitated during the first 3 minutes of HV in 2 children, and during the last 2 minutes in one more child. Inter-ictal EEG abnormalities were precipitated in the first 3 minutes of HV in 31 children, and during the last 2 min in 4 more children. All 398 children completed HV during the last 2 minutes successfully and no adverse events occurred during the last 2 minutes of HV. Conclusion: 33.33% of seizures and 11.5% of inter-ictal EEG abnormalities triggered by HV occurred during the last 2 min of HV. This finding supports the utility of prolonged hyperventilation for 5 minutes. Prolonged HV for 5 minutes increases the diagnostic yield of EEG in paediatric population and it is safe and feasible.
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