The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of topiramate (TPM) on the Lyapunov exponent of EEG by means of quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography (QPEEG) and nonlinear analysis methods. One dose of TPM was administrated to epileptics and healthy adults. EEG samples were obtained prior to and at regular intervals (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours) within the 24 hours following the administration of TPM. EEG activity was processed with nonlinear analysis methods. The Lyapunov exponent of the scalp areas was calculated through 60 s epochs without artifacts after each recording. The statistical difference between baseline predrug assessment and each postdrug control was calculated by computing the paired t test. Results showed that the Lyapunov exponent increased first, then decreased, then increased finally. We conclude that TPM can change the complexity of EEG.
WuXXiaoCH. Quantitative pharmo-EEG of carbamazepine in volunteers and epileptics. Clin Electroencephalogr1993;24:93–99.
2.
StamCJJellesBAchtereekteHAM. Investigation of EEG nonlinearity in dementia and Parkinson's disease. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1995;95:309–317.
3.
HerrmannWMIrrgangU.An absolute must in clinico-pharmacological research; pharmaco-electroencephalography, its possibilities and limitations. Pharmacopsychiat1983;16:134–142.
4.
ItilTMKrynickiVE. Quantitative pharmaco-EEG in determining bioavaibility and bioequivalency of psychotropic drugs. In: GapettERHirtzJL. (eds). Drug Fate and Metabolism. New York, Basel: Marcel Dekker; 1983: 387–411.
5.
WuX.Antiepilepsy drugs. In: JiaBQLuYL (eds). Modern Clinical Practical Drugs Handbook (in Chinese), 2nd ed.Beijing: Peking Medical University; 2001: 230.
6.
ShankRPGardockiJFStreeterAJ. An overview of the preclinical aspects of topiramate: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action. Epilepsia2000;41(suppl1): S3–S9.
7.
Burcet-DardeJGarcia-RibasGGomez-Arguelles. Topiramate monotherapy and evaluation of plasma levels. In: Neuroscience in Action. Hamburg, Germany, March 22–23, 2002: 188.
8.
PatsalosPN. The parmacokinetic profile of topiramate. Rev Contemp Pharmacother1999;10:155–162.
9.
KuznieckyRHetheringtonHHoS. Topiramate increases cerebral GABA in healthy humans. Neurology1998;51:627–629.
10.
LindbergerMTomsonTOhmanI. Estimation of topiramate in subdural cerebrospinal fluid, subcutaneous extracellular fluid, and plasma; a single case microdialysis study. Epilepsia1999;40(6):800–802.
11.
WangWWLiJCWuX.Quantitative EEG effects of topiramate, Clin Electroencephalogr2003;34(2): 87–92.
12.
WuXMaJJ. Sodium valproate: Quantitative EEG and serum levels in volunteers and epileptics. Clin Electroencephalogr1993;24(2):93–99.
13.
WuXXiaoCH. Quantitative pharmaco-EEG of sustained release valproate in epileptics. Clin Electroencephalogr1997;28(2):117–120.
14.
SannitaWGBalestraVDibonG. Ammonia-independent modifications of the background EEG signal and paradoxical enhancement of epileptic abnormalities in EEG after acute administration of valproate to epileptic patients. Neuropharmacology1993;32(9):919–928.
15.
SannitaWGBalbiAGiachineF. Quantitative EEG effects and drug plasma concentration of phenbarbital 50 and 100mg single-dose oral administration to healthy volunteers: Evidence of early CNS bioavailability. Neuropsychobiology1990–1991;23:205–212.
16.
HerkesGKLagerlundTDSharbroughFW. Effects of antiepileptic drug treatment on the background frequency of EEGs in epileptic patients. J Clin Neurophysiol1993;10(2):210–216.
17.
SaletuBGrunbergerJLinzmazerL.Evaluation of encephalotropic and psychotropic properties of gabapentin in man by pharmaco-EEG and psychometry. Intl J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol1986;24(7):362–373.
18.
MattiaDSpaneddaFBassettiMA. Gabapentin as add-on in focal epilepsy: A computerized EEG study. Clin Neurophysiology2000;111(2):311–317.
19.
MarcianiaMGStanzionePMaschioM. EEG changes induced by vigabatrin monotherapy in focal epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand1997;95:115–120.
20.
EbertUThongNQOertelRKirchW.Effects of rifampicin and cimetidine on pharmacokinetis of lamotrigine in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol2000;56(4):299–304.
21.
Van WieringenABinnieCDMeijerJWAPeckAWDe VriesJ.Comparison of the effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on the EEG power spectrum and cortical and brainstem-evoked responses of normal human volunteers. Neuropsychobiology1989;21:157–169.
22.
NeufeldMYKoganEChistikVKorczynAD. Comparison of the effects of vigabatrin, lamotrigine, and topiramate on quantitative EEGs in patients with epilepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol1999;22:80–86.
23.
LiuXYJiangDZTaoWZ. Feasibility study on application of correlation dimension in clinical EEG signal analysis. Beijing Biomed Eng1997;16(1):1–5.
24.
KimJMJungKYChoiCM. Change in brain complexity during valproate treatment in patients with partial epilepsy. Neuropsychobiology2002;45:106–112.
25.
LehnertzKElgerCE. Neuronal complexity loss in temporal lobe epilepsy: Effects of carbamazepine on the dynamics of the epileptogenic focus. Electroencephalgr Clin Neurophysiol1997;103:376–380.
26.
FellJRoschkeJMannK. Discrimination of sleep stages: A comparison between spectral and nonlinear EEG measures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1996;98:401–410.
27.
AftanasLILotovaNVLoshkarovVI. Nonlinear analysis of emotion EEG: Calculation of Kolmogorov entropy and the principal Lyapunov exponent. Neurosci Lett1997;226:13–16.
28.
FengZHYZhengXX. Effects of sampling parameter variation on the complexity anaysis of EEG. J Biomed Eng2002;19(4):616–620.
29.
LaurentPJacquesMFranciscoJV. Entropy quantification of human brain spatio-temporal dynamics. Physica D1996;96:344.
30.
WolfASwiftJBSwinneyHLVastanoJA. Determining Lyapunov exponent from a time series. Psysica D1985;16:285.
